just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what actually happened, reported The Guardian.
In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students’ memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.
‘‘When people rely on technology to remember them 一 counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.
But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren’t in the frame.
So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn’t reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.
“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren’t usually very organized on their computers.
28. Why did the author mention Henkel’s trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning?
A. To complain about some tourists’ bad habits.B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one’s tour. .
C. To point out people’s obsession with taking pictures.D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon. 29. What can we learn from Henkel’s study?
A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily. B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better. C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects. D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people’s memories. 30. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “ ”. A. the camera
B. technology
C. the event
D. an object
31. What is the article mainly about?
A. People’s obsession with taking pictures and its influence. B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one’s memory.
C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly. D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often.
D
Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still the of speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.
One subject that they guess about in why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.
Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.
Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.
Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.
Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homer’s theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.
According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.
The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK’s University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”
As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University’s paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It’s only one of many ideas for the origin of land- based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said. 32. Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools? A. Alfred Romer.
B. Charles Darwin.
C. Hannah Byrne. D. Steven Balbus.
33. Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus? A. There were larger oceans. B. Earth was closer to the moon. C. The moon gave off more energy. D. Earth was under greater pressure.
34. The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “ ”. A. found
B. settled
C. abandoned
D. trapped
35. What is the focus of the article?
A. The arguments over a scientific theory. B. The proposal of a new scientific theory.
C. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.
36 The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country’s culture and language.
The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye. In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.
Use first names only after being invited to. 37 The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.
Dress well. 38 Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing make-up is practiced widely by businesswomen.
The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours. 39
Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. 40 This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant t the person who invites always pays. A. Remember to be as polite as possible. B. This is a time for relationship building. C. Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.
D. Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food. E. Make an appointment with your business partner in advance. F. The French draw information about people based on their appearance. G. Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in Italy. After climbing up a hill for a full view of the blue sea, I paused to catch my 41 and then positioned myself to take a photo.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind and 42 herself right in front of my 43 . Like me, she was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the scenery. 44 as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would 45 take, I was upset. Should I ask her to 46 so that I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something 47 me doing so. She seemed so 48 in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew more 49 . The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo 50 . And now when I look at it, I think her 51 in the photo is what makes the image 52 . The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes 53 this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the 54 beauty that unfolded before me and the woman who 55 it, now hangs on the wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and 56 on a strangers bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which a woman I don’t even know has been kept forever. In some ways, she has been 57 in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each other’s space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to 58 us that we all
appreciate beauty, and that we all share a common 59 for pleasure and connection.
This photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken 60 between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 41. A. sight
B. breath B. found B. photo B. Curious
C. way C. lost
D. attention D. enjoyed D. direction D. Patient D. hurriedly D. stay out D. prevented D. confident D. confused D. indeed D. presence D. boring D. until D. unique D. discovered D. drawn D. wandering D. remind D. sense D. love
42. A. planted 43. A. concern 44. A. Cautious
C. view C. Casual
45. A. eventually 46. A. back away 47. A. caught 48. A. anxious 49. A. excited 50. A. anyway 51. A. beauty 52. A. puzzling 53. A. unless 54. A. strange 55. A. ruined 56. A. protected 57. A. hanging 58. A. promise 59. A. respect
B. randomly B. go over B. sent B. content B. annoyed
C. extremely C. move along C. got
C. quiet C. worried C. instead
B. somehow B. behavior
C. determination C. interesting C. although C. distant C. missed C. frozen C. shining
B. disappointing B. because
B. regrettable B. created
B. observed B. living B. tell
C. convince C. desire C. trust
B. plan B. result
60. A. conversation
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Throughout modem history, perhaps there has never been a scientist as iconic (偶像的) as Stephen Hawking. Whether he 61 (educate) the world with his knowledge of the universe, or making fun of himself in TV shows, it is hard to imagine what the world will be like now Hawking is no longer in.
On March 14, 2018, the British physicist passed away in Cambridge. Since then, many people have expressed