外国语学院2012级笔译班
governmental agencies, and the public, \
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted. %used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world. \
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, \complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine. \56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies . A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence \
implies that , A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies 58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now B. have been approved by U. S. government C. have been used by many American patients D. are as popular as conventional medicine 59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands 60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered.
Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict
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外国语学院2012级笔译班
外国语学院2012级笔译班
which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in \The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris-one is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun.
\a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
. 61. It is suggested in this passage that A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe 62. The \ A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system 63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found . A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems 64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _. A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature B. enough oxygen and hydrogen C. enough air and sunlight D. enough water in any slate Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $25 billion to be exact. Last week. Gore unveiled his \America Moving\
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外国语学院2012级笔译班
外国语学院2012级笔译班
nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed \congestion is to \
The federal government has been trying to \federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems . A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic C. aim at monitoring the public traffic D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion. B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion. C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly. D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads. 68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems. B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads. D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression \
means . A. an incredible story B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning
D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems. B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system. Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other. Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between
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外国语学院2012级笔译班
外国语学院2012级笔译班
government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are \, A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end 72. The third paragraph mainly discusses . A. how government and business depend on each other B. why social order is important to business activities C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business. C. They are the ones that business cannot do well. D. They are comparatively modern phenomena. 74. We can conclude from the passage that , A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done, but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former
employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive. So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks. Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of
backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
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外国语学院2012级笔译班
外国语学院2012级笔译班
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious
diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research.. Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death. 75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that . A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements 76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette . A. was similar to that of the tobacco company B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic C. was reached purely out of personal interests D. should he regarded as scientifically true
. 77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company B. he had been eager to defeat his company C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase \ A .the study of the structure of the earth B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that . A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs
80. The author seems to be suggesting that . A. the vested interests are sometimes an obstacle to the progress of science B. governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment C. a timely response to people's demand is appreciated by the academia D. the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s
PAPER TWO
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
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外国语学院2012级笔译班