仍然Unit 10
More Work on the Text II Vocabulary
1.
7)From Chinese into English．
(1)to scratch each other’S backs (9)to inhabit that island (2)to do business with that country (10)to admire thei_r courage (3)Publish or perish． (11)to neglect one’S duty
(4)to found a new religion (12)to escape the consequences
(5)to convert RMB into foreign currency (13)to erase it from one’S memory (6)to seek the truth ．(14)to take command
(7)to discard the old traditions (15)to block one’S way (8)to satirize human vanity(16)to ruin one’S reputation 2)From English into Chinese．
(1)年久失修的防御工事 (8>当前的风云人物
(2)(美国历史上的)擅自占用土地的人 (9)英雄人物
所搭的I艋时简陋房子， (10)一种带有历史使命感的神态 (3)储物缸 。 (11)看人时如火一般的眼光 (4)容易变质的商品 (12)战争引起的恐慌 (5)社会习俗 (13)如雨点一般的石头
(6)摇摇晃晃，头重脚轻的酒鬼 (14)--／b撮捣乱分子 (7)隐士住的山洞 2.
1)Give synonyms．
(1)mad (9)to obtain，to get，to acquireI to buy， (2)hardly enough；little to purchase
(4)to live (11)to wipe off ．
(6)to change (13)to keep under control，to restrict (7)(religious)belief，doctrine，dogma (14)to laugh nervously，to laugh softly， (8)mainly to giggle，to chuckle 2) Give antonyms
(1)quality (3)true (5)simplicity (7)simply
(2)drunk (4)discontented (6)covered (8)cheaply
(9) real; natural (10) passing, transitory, short-lived (11) unconventional (12) 3.
1) How do you account for his strange behavior?
2) Let's form a circle so that we can see each other when we talk, 3) He appointed five people to handle the case,
4) She claims to possess an unusual ability -- the ability to cure diseases simply by her
magic hand.
economy,
miserliness,
stinginess
5) In the story, this evil spirit often appeared in the form of a pretty lady. 6) Where can I get a roll of film? 7) He rolled up the painting and said that he wouldn't part with it for anything less than
half a million.
8) A woman lawyer has been recently appointed to the Supreme Court. 9) Poverty alone cannot account for the increase of the crime rate. 10) A big stone suddenly rolled down the hill.
11) He just rolled his eyes philosophically and smiled. 12) Let's roll up our sleeves and start working...
13) He hoped that he would be appointed (as) the deputy general manager. 14) Just give us a brief account of what actually happened.
15) The police found a lot of valuables in his possession which he could not account for.
16) Our two countries should never fight again on any account. 4.
1) returned/escaped.
2) has expressed the wish to be a teacher.
3) like Geneva best, except of course, Beijing. 4) finally decided to be a cook 5) join the revolutionary army
6) feed our people
7) be brought under control
8) provide better opportunities for our young people 9) make a fool of himself
10) make it impossible for me to say no 11) inspire people
12) he literally had nothing except the shirt on his back 13) she just had to buy it/she finished it that very night 14) what 15) what 5.
1) off 4) in 7) over 10) in
2) up 5) for, away 8) into 11) out of, into
3) round 6) on 9) by 12) On, on, at
1) (1) matter (2) affairs (3) matters (4) matter (5) affairs (6) affairs
2) (1) empty (2) bare (3) hollow (4) empty (5) vacant 3) (1) convert (2) change/convert(3) convertible (4) converted (5) changed
4) (1) laughing (2) smiled (3) grinning (4)
tittered/chuckled,guffawed 7.
1)这事和我们没有关系，他弄错了抱怨的对象。(to bark狗叫) 2)我们都知道摆脱旧传统很难。(convention传统习惯)
3)这树的皮里含有某种对癌症有疗效的物质。(bark of a tree树皮)
4)共和党大会将在芝加哥召开。(convention年会)
5)他们计划在那里地下深处钻一个洞来埋藏核废料。但是那可能是十分危险的。(to drill a hole钻个洞)
6)语言训练需要大量的练习。但远不止这一方面。(drill操练)
7)他们为他准备了一顿极其丰盛的酒席，希望它能有助于他们弄到那个合同。(an elaborate meal一顿丰盛的饭)
8)我们对这个计划只有一个大致的了解。你能否详细讲讲。(to elaborate on sth对某问题
作进一步的发挥或提供更多的细节)
9)在昏暗的房间里，瞳孑L就放大，好让更多的光线进入。(pupil瞳孔)
10)那男子又高又瘦，两眼目光锐利，鼻子又高又尖。(sharp eyes锐利的眼睛；a sharp nose 又高又尖的鼻子)
11)她机智敏锐，伶牙利齿。(a sharp wit十分机智；a sharp tongue说话尖刻利害) 12)那骑车人急转弯，失去了平衡。(a sharp turn突然的大转弯)
13)这些学生当然很年轻，但是他们都很聪明，你别小看他们。(pupils学生；sharp聪敏，精明)
14)“别再胡说八道了，\她厉声说道。(to say sharply厉声说，毫不客气地说)
15)根据证词，这男孩十点整买的这把锋利的刀。(sha印knife锋利的刀；at 10 sharp十点整)
16)你今天看上去很帅，你哪儿买的这件新夹克?(to look sharp看上去动人的、时髦的) 8.
(1) study (3) adjusted (5) uncomfortable (7) overcame (9) so (2) as (4) Due (6) rational (8) remained (10) ways (11) for (12) unable (13) connection (14) While (15) normal
Grammar
1.
Subject-verb/subject-auxiliary version occurs when
A phrase of negative form or meaning occurs at the beginning of a sentence/clause, as in 1)--5), 7), 11), 13), 14).
A sentence begins with only when followed by an expression of manner, place, time, or reason, as in 16, 17), 18).
An elliptical sentence begins with so, or neither, or nor, as in 6), 12), 15).
A sentence/clause begins with an adverbial of place or position, as in 8), 9), 10). 2.
1) (Never before) have so many people been learning English. ~ 2) (Nor) did he at any other time.
3) (In vain) did we try to persuade him to change his mind.
4) (Not until) she had got everything ready for the experiment the next day did she leave her lab.
5) (Little) did the two girls suspect that the woman who drove them home was the governor herself.
6) (No sooner) had she left the house than it collapsed.
7) (Never) shall I trust that fine-sounding man again.
8) (Not only) did he finish the reading assignment, but he also wrote a report on his findings.
9) (Only after he failed the first time) did he begin to work earnestly.
10) (Neither for love nor for money) would the old woman part with her collection of rare stamps.
11) (Only in the countryside of some northwestern provinces) can you find cave houses.
12) Lying in deep valleys are towns where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful. 3.
1) the best of mothersl the deepest of love 2) the more popular 3) the bigger of which
4) most cruel of all
5) the younger seems the more promising (of the two)
6) the most incredible/improbable
7) The biggest may not be the strongest; and the smallest may not be the weakest. 8) the most advanced/up-to-date at the moment
9) the most expensive; the most expensive is always the best 10) the cheapest of vegetables
11) the most despicable of the lot
12) the more competent of the two candidates 4.
1) Never before in history has the country been so prosperous as it is now. 2) Not a single word did he utter throughout the half-day debate. 3) At the head of the parade marched the guards of honor.
4) Hardly had the two of them met when they began joking about each other.
5) Not until Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang's hut for the third time did the latter agree to give up his life as a hermit.
6) Not only didshe refuse to accept the award for the best director, she also refused to gix any explanation.
7) Nowhere else in the country have I seen such beautiful gardens as in Suzhou. 8) At one end of the room is a CEO-type of desk; behind it stands a large bookcase. 9) Present at the commencement were teachers, parents and a vice-minister of education
10) Only at home does he feel at ease though he's a great traveler and has been to man countries. 5.
1) a, /, the, the, a, /, /, /, some, their 2) The, /, the, their, /
3) a, a, the, their, a, Their/The, the, the (parents of the 2000 families)or/(parents in general), the,their, their, an, the, every 6.
1) D. 3) C. 5) C. 7) D. 9) C. 11) D. 13) A. 15) B.
2) A. 4) B. 6) B. 8) A. 10) B. 12) D. 14) C.
戴奥翼尼斯和亚历山大
吉尔伯特〃海特
1．他躺在空地上，赤着脚，满脸胡须，半裸着身子，看起来像个乞丐或是疯子。他的确是个乞丐，但不是疯子。旭日东升，他睁开了眼睛，挠了挠瘁，像狗似的在路边撒了泡尿，然后在公共喷泉边洗了把脸，讨了一块早餐面包和几颗橄榄，蹲在地上吃了起来，又用手捧了几捧泉水将食物送进肚里。(很久以前，他曾拥有一个粗糙的木杯子，但当看到一个男孩用空着的手捧水喝之后，就把杯子扔掉了。)没有工作做，也没有家要养，他很自由。当集市上挤满了顾客、商人、奴隶和外国人的时候，他已经在那儿闲逛了一两个小时。每个人都认识他，或者听说过他。他们会向他提一些尖酸的问题，但会得到更加刻薄的回答。有时，他钔会向他扔点食物，但很少得到感谢；有时，有人会恶作剧地向他扔一块鹅卵石，但却被回以无数的石头和谩骂。他们说不准他是否疯了，但他知道他们都是疯子，各有各的疯法；觉得他们很可笑。现在他回到了自己家里。
2．这并不是一间屋子，甚至算不上一闻乱搭乱建的茅屋。他认为每个人都活得太讲究、太奢侈、太煞费苦心了。房子有什么用?没有人需要私人空间；顺其自然并不可耻；我们都做着同样韵事情，不需要遮遮掩掩。没有人需要床、椅子等家具：动物睡在地上，也过眷健康的生活。因为大自然没有赋予我们合适的衣着，我们所需要的，只不过是一件用来保暖的衣服，以及一处能够遮风挡雨的地方。所以，他只有一床毯子，白天穿在身上，晚上盖在身上，而他就睡在一个桶里。他叫戴奥真尼斯，也是所谓的犬儒主义的创建者；他一生的犬部分时间都在科林斯这个富裕、懒惰和腐败的希腊城市里渡过，嘲笑、讥讽住在那里的人，并且不时使一两个人皈依其门下。
3．他的住处并不是一个木制的大桶；那太奢侈了。只是一个由泥土烧制成的储藏罐，毫无疑问，因为储藏罐有了裂缝没法使用才被人丢弃的。他并非是第一个居住在这样一个罐子里的人。但是，他是第一个出于令人原则自己选择这样做的人。
4．戴奥真尼斯不是一个疯子，他是一位哲学家。他写剧本、诗歌和小品文来阐明自己的学说；他跟那些愿意听他说话的人交谈；他有崇拜自己的学生。然而，他主要通过实例来教导他们。所有人都应当活得自然些，他说，因为自然的东西才是正常的，绝不可能是邪恶或羞耻的。摆脱那些做作虚伪的习俗，避开那些繁琐奢华，人们才能够过上自由的生活。富人自认为拥有深宅大院、精美的家具、昂贵的衣服，拥有\仆人、马匹和银行存款。其实他并非真的占有它们，而是依赖着它们，为它们而操心，一生大部分精力都花在照看这些东西上了；一想到会失去它们，就会焦躁得生病。它们支配着他。他是这些东西的奴隶。为了获得一些虚伪、浮华的东西，他出卖了自己惟一真实永恒的东西——他的独立自主。
5．一直以来就有许多人厌倦了人类社会中的复杂繁琐，于是他们远离尘嚣，去过一种简单的生活——住在一个小农场里、一个安静的小村庄里或者一个适合隐士居住的山洞里。戴奥真尼斯并没有那样做。他是一位传教士。他自己非常明确自己的人生目标：就是“重铸金币”，把人生中纯净的金属提炼出来，抹掉那些虚伪传统的记号，重新印上人类生活的真正价值。 6．公元前4世纪的其他一些伟大的哲学家，比如柏拉图和亚里士多德，主要是教导自己的入门弟子。但对于戴奥真尼斯来说，实验室、标本、教室和学生都需要在芸芸众生中寻找。因此，他选择居住在雅典或科林斯，在那里，全地中海地区的旅行者不断地来来往往。在这些地方，他有意在公众面前以这样的方式表现自己，以便告诉人们什么是真正的生活。