湘教版初二英语（八年级）上册期末知识点归纳
第一部分 单元短语与句型
Unit 1
1、 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调全过程）
2、 see sb doing看见某人做某事(强调正在发生的动作) 3、 cheer sb on 为某人加油 4、win gold medals 获得金牌
5、do well in = be good at+sth/doing sth擅长做某事（反义）do badly in, 6、Do you row much（经常）? Yes, quite a bit./No, seldom. 7、make one’s bed整理床铺，have a fight, keep trying
8、say sorry to sb对某人说对不起，I am sorry to hear that. I am sorry about that.
9、I am sorry for what I said.(原因)I am sorry for breaking you cup=I am sorry I broke your cup.
10、Never mind=It doesn't matter.
11、be angry with sb. 对某人生气。She is angry with her mother.
12、start to do sth/doing sth=begin to do sth/begin doing sth开始做某事 13、so、、、、that 如此、、、、以致、、、He speak so loudly that we can hear him clearly.他讲得如此大声以致我们能听得很清楚。
14、throw/put sth into sth else把某东西放进另外的东西里面
15、obey/follow the trafficrules遵守交通规则。—反义break the rules 16、Follow me 跟我来 Can you follow me?=understand
17、have fun doing sth从做某事中得到乐趣 make fun of sb取笑某人 build sb up/ build ourselves up=make me/us strong增强某人的体质。 18、try/do one’s best尽最大的努力，try to do sth试图做某事， 19、make friends with sb,与某人交朋友 20、 during the sports meet 在校运会期间
21、pass the exam通过考试, pass/cross the finishing line越过终点线 22、take/do exercise=do sports做运动
23、What’s wrong with you?=What’s the matter with you? What’s up?、、、、、、、怎么了？
24、have a fever/a cough/ a cold/a sore throat/a toothache/a backache/a stomachache have sore eyes/the flu
25、feel terrible感觉糟糕, take some medicine吃药，get/be well 恢复健康 day and night. 日日夜夜 check/look it over检查它
26、How are you feeling today? 今天你感觉怎样？Much better/ Just so-so/Not too bad/ Too bad.好多了/一般般/不是很好/很差
27、should/shouldn’t do sth 应该/不应该做某事1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间 2. between?and? 在两者之间
3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油 4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
5. quite a bit/a lot 很多 6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部
8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足
9. arrive in /at = get to 到达 10. play against? 与??对抗/较量
11. for long 很久 12. leave for? 动身去?
13. the day after tomorrow 后天 14. places of interest 名胜
16. play baseball 打棒球 17. at least 至少
18. be good at 善于做某事 19. take part in 参加
20. all over the world 全世界 21. be good for 对??有益
22. a good way 一种好方法 23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康
24. relax oneself 放松某人自己
Be sick/ill=have an illness/a sickness/a disease
What should we do to fight germs?不定式表目的“来”
We shouldn’t eat bad food or sour milk(否定并列用or). We should wash hands before meals and keep fingernails short.(肯定用and) We mustn’t spit in public. We must keep our bodies clean.
have the right kinds of food, choose the wrong food, choose to give up选择放弃 eat more fruit and less meat
We can learn English in different ways=There are many ways for us to learn English. Firstly…Secondly…Thirdly…Finally，finally=at last= in the end最后
take your advice接受你的建议. How much is it? It’s 40. Fine, I will take it= buy it.
What should we do to fight SARS? We must eat healthy food.
Must we do more exercise? Yes,you must. /否定回答No, you needn’t. It’s my duty to save patients=My duty is to save patients. on the phone/radio/Internet, on TV(通过)使用某机器
Unit 3
Nice/Glad/Happy/Pleased to see you.
learn a lot about famous people from the stamps
=learn a lot from the stamps about famous people从邮票可以了解很多有关于名人（的事迹）
be of+抽象名词=be +对应的形容词
in one’s spare time=in one’s free time= when sb. is free=when sb. have time read a book/read books go out/eat out出去/下馆子 do some indoor/outdoor activities做些室内/户外活动
give/bring sb. happiness/sadness/good luck keep/make sb happy/ sad /clean/
share my interests. I want to share an apple with you.Do you want to share a story with us? draw/piant pictures
The teacher is giving an English lesson while the students are having/taking the English lesson.
give a concert开演唱会 in a theater, at a concert, in a cinema,be angry with sb
What time is it going to start? Who is going to sing? It sounds beautiful/pleasant/wonderful/sweet.
Classical music is serious music. Popular music often comes and goes quickly. Folk music is simple but special.
form a band/a company, set up/found a band成立、组乐队，find找-found过去式
all over the world=in the world=around the world全世界
They are very popular among young people.他们在人们中很流行。 SARS spreads easily among people/children. 非典在人群中容易传播。 make sb do sth.
I made faces and made my classmates laugh when Miss Wang was giving a lesson. on that day， make Saturday a holiday, make sb. happy
in the 1950s 在二十世纪五十年代（the不可以少）, stop working停止工作
Unit 4
talk about life in the city, the beauties of nature自然美control the climate调节气候
In the countryside, the air is fresher, the sky is bluer, and there are also green trees and clearer rivers. life in the city/ countryside/ the suburbs， We need them so much. 我们如此地需要它们。很
thousands of people成千上万的人(约数) 类似词有hundred, million(百万), score（二十）, dozen（一打，十二）
one/two/three… thousand and fifty people 一/两/三千零五十人（准确数字）
Humans need water to drink, to cook and to clean.(不定式表目的“来”) Actually/In fact事实上, we need money to use.Without money, we can’t live.
Save water/money节约， save one’s life, save the patients 救病人 feed/live on sth. 以。。。为食
in/out of danger处于危险中/脱离危险， in/out of trouble遇上麻烦/摆脱困境
people/animals in danger处于危险中的人/动物，dangerous people/animals危险的人/动物
We use knives for cutting things(for介词加ing).=We use knives to cut things(to为不定式).
pay attention to sb./sth.注意。。。begin with 以。。。开头 give it a try=have a try
the first letter of the word
find pleasure in doing sth从做某事中找到乐趣 类似have fun (in)doing sth
as we know 众所周知， 大家都知道， such as例如, build… as …建楼房当作, regard…as…把。。。当作，但mistake…for…把。。。误认为 one of the oldest countries（复数）
the ancient world/times古时候的世界，远古时代be made up of …由…组成
第二部分 主要语法分析和例子
1. 一般将来时be going to/will+动词原形（包括be）
We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three this Sunday.将
来时
What are you going to be when you grow up? What do you want to be in the future?
I’m going to be a dancer.I want to be a dancer.
There be 的将来时There is going to be/There will be, 过去式There was/were, There used to be过去常常, 现在时There is/are 2. used to do sth肯定used to do sth过去习惯/常常做某事
否定 used not to do/ didn’t use to do sth 疑问句Did use to do? —What hobbies did you use to have? — I used to go roller skating. —What hobbies do you have now? —Well, I play the guitar.
Where did you use to go swimming? I used to swim in a small pond.
She used to enjoy listening to music, but now she doesn’t like it. She prefers to sing.
I used to be a student. But now I am an office worker. I didn’t use to play sports, but now I like it. 3. 过去进行时：
时间状语at this time yesterday， from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening过去某个时间段正
What were you doing at this time yesterday?I was taking a shower/bath. What was Michael doing from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday evening? He was reading.
4. 一般情况下，when+一般现在时/过去时，while+现在/过去进行时The telephone rings while Jane is practising the violin.=When the telephone rings, Jane is practising the violin.(while后接持续性动作，When接短暂性动作, 响铃只是瞬间的动作。)
What was the mouse doing when the cat knocked at the door?
What was the cat doing when the mouse came out of the bathroom? What was the mouse doing when the cat found him? What were they doing when the sky was high?
Father was still sleeping when I got up yesterday morning. While she was trying to call for help, he woke up.
Were you playing on the computer?Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
plan, want, hope, believe都没有进行时态，think做“认为”解时也没有进行时，做“思考”解时有进行时
5. 动名词短语表单件事情做主语，已经名词化相当于名词，不是动作，谓语用单数：
Getting up early is good for us.