??(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law. （凡本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约所依据的一般原则来解决，在没有一般原则的情况下，则应按照国际私法规定适用的法律来解决。） ??Article 8
??(1) For the purposes of this Convention statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to his intent where the other party knew or could not have been unaware what that intent was. （本公约的目的，一方当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应依照他的意旨解释）
??(2) If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to the understanding that a reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had in the same circumstances. （如果上一款的规定不适用，当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应按照一个与另一方当事人同等资格、通情达理的人处于相同情况中，应有的理解来解释）
??(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable person would have had, due consideration is to be
given to all relevant circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent （后来的，并发的） conduct of the parties. （在确定一方当事人的意旨或一个通情达理的人应有的理解时，应适当的考虑到与事实有关的一切情况，包括谈判情形、当事人之间确立的任何习惯作法、惯例和当事人其后的任何行为。） ??Article 9
??(1) The parties are bound （限制） by any usage to which they have agreed and by any practices which they have established between themselves. （双方当事人业已统一的人和惯例和他们之间确立的任何习惯作法，对双方当事人均有约束力。）
??(2) The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have impliedly made applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in international trade is widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the particular trade concerned. （除非另有协议，双方当事人应视为已默示地同意对他们的合同或合同的订立适用双方当事人已知道或理应知道的惯例，而这种惯例，在国际贸易上，已为有关贸易所涉同类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守。） ??Article 10
??For the purposes of this Convention: （为本公约的目的） ??(a) if a party has more than one place of business, the place of business is that which has the closest relationship to the contract and its performance, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract; （如果当事人有一个以上的营业地，则以合同约定的履行关系最密切的营业地为其营业地，但要考虑双方当事人在定立合同前任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所设想的情况；） ??(b) f ia party does not have a place of business, （营业地） reference is to be made to his habitual residence. ( 习惯住所地 ) （如果当事人没有营业地，则以其惯常居所地为准） ??Article 11
??A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses. （销售合同无须以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面不受其他条件的限制。销售合同可以用包括证人在内的任何方法证明） ??Article 12
??Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification （变更） or termination （终止） by agreement or any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in writing
does not apply where any party has his place of business in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The parties may not derogate （毁损） from or vary the effect or this article. （本公约第十一条、第十二条或第二部分准许销售合同或其更改或根据协议终止，或者任何发价、接受或其他意旨表示得以任何形式作出的任何规定不适用，如果任何一方当事人的营业地是在已按照本公约第九十六条作出了一个声明的一个缔约国内，个当事人不得减损本条或改变其效力） ??Article 13
??For the purposes of this Convention \and telex （电报） . （为本公约的目的，“书面”包括带难保和电传） ??PART II
??Formation of the Contract ??Article 14
??(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price. （向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议，如果十分确定并且表明发价人在得到接受时承受约束的意旨，即构成发价。一个建议如果写明货物并且明示或
暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格，即为十分确定。） ??(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation （邀请） to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal. （ 非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的建议，仅应视为邀请做出发价，除非提出建议的人明确地表示相反的意向。） ??Article 15
??(1) An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. （发价于送达被发价人时生效。）
??(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable （不能取消的） , may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. （一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，得予撤回，如果撤回通知于发价送达被发价人之前或同时，送达发价人。） ??Article 16
??(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked （无效） if the revocation （撤回） reaches the offeree before he has dispatched （发出） an acceptance. （在未订立合同之前，发价得予撤销，如果撤销通知于被发价人发出接受通知之前送达被发价人。） ??(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked: （但在下列情况下，发价不得撤销：）
??(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or （发价写明接受发价的期限或