宜兴市土地利用现状及潜力分析
（2007—2020年）
姓名：xxxx 学号：xxxxxxxxx 专业： 指导老师： 日期：
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目录
一、土地利用现状及其潜力分析的目的和意义 ···································· 3
1. 目的 ················································································································································ 3 2. 意义 ················································································································································ 3
二、研究区概况 ························································································ 3 三、土地资源利用现状 ············································································ 4
1．土地利用结构 ································································································································ 4
四、土地利用变化分析 ············································································ 5
1.土地资源数量与结构变化 ·············································································································· 5 2.土地利用转移分析 ·························································································································· 7 3.土地利用变化的原因 ······················································································································ 8
五、土地利用现状评价 ·················· 8
1. 土地开发利用程度······················································································································ 8 2. 土地集约经营程度······················································································································ 9 3. 土地利用综合效益···················································································································· 10
六、宜兴市土地利用特点及其存在的问题 ·········································· 11
1．土地利用特点 ······························································································································ 11 2．土地利用存在的问题 ·················································································································· 12
七、土地利用潜力分析 ·········································································· 12
1．土地开发潜力 ······························································································································ 12 2．土地复垦潜力 ······························································································································ 12 3．土地整理潜力 ······························································································································ 13 4．土地潜力汇总 ······························································································································ 13
八、宜兴市土地利用建议 ······································································ 14
1．严格保护耕地特别是基本农田 ·································································································· 14 2．节约集约用地 ······························································································································ 14 3．统筹城乡土地利用 ······················································································································ 14 4．加强土地生态建设 ······················································································································ 14
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一、土地利用现状及其潜力分析的目的和意义
1.目的
土地利用现状和潜力分析是土地利用总体规划编制的主要依据。土地利用现状研究的目的，是为了探求区域土地利用变化的规律及其驱动机制，发现土地利用中存在的问题和矛盾，预测区域未来土地利用需求趋势；在此基础上进一步进行潜力研究，掌握区域土地利用、土地供给的增长空间，挖掘土地利用潜力，实现土地集约利用。从可持续发展的角度，对区域土地利用结构调整提出意见和建议，优化土地资源配置。
2. 意义
土地利用总体规划必须以科学发展观为指导，辨证地分析处理土地资源利用与经济社会发展、生态环境保护的关系，通过规划引导需求，协调各业用地矛盾，实现区域经济、社会、生态的可持续协调发展，为创建小康与和谐社会提供土地资源保障。土地是发展之基，民生之本，它具有满足人类的多种需求的功能，在经济社会发展和生态环境建设中有着不可替代的作用。但是，土地总量是有限的，人类利用土地的需求是无限的，通过土地利用现状和潜力的研究，可以摸清家底，发现问题，把握区域土地利用变化规律，为土地利用总体规划的编制提供基础和依据。
二、研究区概况
宜兴市位于北纬31°07’~31°37’，东经119°31’~120°03’，东临太湖，是苏、宁、杭的三角中心地区。全市幅员面积2038 平方千米（含太湖水域），地势南高北低，南部为丘陵山区，北部为平原区，东部为太湖渎区，西部为低洼圩区。
宜兴市境内河流密布、纵横交叉，灌溉、运输方便。有河道215条，总长1058公里，总面积19.49万亩。其中主干河14条，5公里以上的68条。荡20多个，水域面积73.43亩。有水库20座，总库容1.26亿立方米。天然水质较好，矿化度为100-200毫克/升，属很低矿化度水；总矿化度小于1.5毫克当量/升，属很软水；酸碱度值为6.5-7，属中性水。
该地区属北亚热带南缘海洋性季风气候区，宜兴市全年温暖湿润。热量条件好，年平均气温15.7℃夏季最热月平均气温28.3℃。年平均无霜期240多天，生长期可达250天左右，积温5418℃，日照较足，7-8月日照时数最多。农作物一年可2-3熟。降水丰沛，全年有雨，年平均雨日136.6天，年平均降水量1177毫米，春夏雨水集中。地面水、地下水丰富。
农作物一年可2-3 熟，农业以水稻、小麦和油菜种植为主，盛产大米、毛竹、茶叶、溪蟹和太湖鱼虾，是江南著名的鱼米之乡。宜兴市是江苏省重要的工业、旅游城市，也是华东地区著名的生态园林旅游景区，已被列为江苏省重点发展的三级Ⅰ类中心城市，综合经济实力在全国县（市）中名列前茅（2004 年第四届全国县域经济基本竞争力排名中居第7 位，
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综合竞争力排名中居第13 位）。它以“陶的古都、茶的绿洲、竹的海洋、洞的世界”等自然和人文景观闻名于世，被誉为“沪宁杭后花园”。
2007年，宜兴市地区生产总值5050600万元，第一产业182500万元，占比3.61%；第二产业2999600万元，占比59.39%；第三产业1868500万元，占比37%。
2012年，宜兴市地区生产总值首超千亿大关，达1066亿元；城镇居民人均可支配收入、农民人均纯收入分别达33630元和16890元，同比增长14%和13%。
2011年年底，户籍总人口107.61万人，比2007年增长0.03%。其中，男性53.31万人。全年出生7753人，出生率7.22%；死亡8047人，死亡率7.49%；人口自然增长率-0.27%，计划生育率99.64%，独生子女率88.22%。少数民族42个、1万余人。
三、土地资源利用现状
1．土地利用结构
宜兴市的土地总面积为198093 hm2。
在2007 年土地利用分类中，水田64098 hm2、旱地1018 hm2、水域54097 hm2、建设用地38574 hm2、林地30596 hm2、园地9406 hm2和未利用地45 hm2，各土地利用类型所占比例见图1
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表1 . 2007年土地利用现状
项目 地类 农用地 水田 旱地 林地 园地 水域 建设用地 未利用地 总面积 64098 1018 30596 9706 38574 54097 4.5 198000 2007 年 面积/hm2 比重/% 32.36 0.51 15.45 4.9 19.47 27.31 0.002 100 未利用地0.002%建设用地19%水田33%水域27%林地15%旱地1%园地5%图1 2007年土地利用类型比例 其中因农用地占比太大，所以将农用地分成了园地、林地、耕地（水田、旱地），这样更利于研究。研究区基本上没有完整意义上的草地，所以没有划分草地这一地类。而未利用地占比太小，所以没有详细分类。
四、土地利用变化分析
1.土地资源数量与结构变化
在1987 年的土地利用分类中，水田95822 hm2、旱地14215 hm2、水域13644 hm2、建设用地30799 hm2、林地33606 hm2、园地9297 hm2和未利用地617 hm2；
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