八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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英语·八年级（上）期中复习资料——语法篇
一、should 和 ought to 的用法
(一) Should & ought to 都是 情态动词 。 常用来提供或征求意见，或表达说话者认为应该做的事，意思是 应该是?? 。
1. “should/ought to + 动词 原型 ”表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。如： （1）Tom should go to bed earlier. He goes to bed very late and he’s always tired. Tom应该早点睡。他很晚睡觉，于是总觉得很累。 （2）It’s a nice film. You ought to go and see it. 这是部不错的电影，你应该去看一看。
2.ought to 的否定式是ought not to或缩写为 oughtn’t to ； should的否定式是 should not 或缩写为 shouldn’t 。如： You shouldn’t tell my mother about this. 你不应该把这件事告诉我妈妈。
He oughtn’t to leave without saying anything. 他不应该一声不吭就离开。 （二）Should/ought to 常与think连用
? 1.I think … should/ought to…
? 2.I don’t think …should/ ought to … ? 3.Do you think …should/ought to….?
（三）should 和ought to用于疑问句中，常用来询问他人的意见或建议。如： （1）——Ought I to finish my homework now? ——Yes, you ought to. （2）When should I leave home tomorrow? 疑问句的形式是：should+ 主语 +动词原形
Ought+ 主语 +to +动词原形 （四） 区分should/ought to 以及must 1. ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。 如： We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． She is your mother, so you ought to support her． We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will． 2.ought to ：它比must语气弱，但婉转。一般用于肯定和否定句 They ought to be there by now. 他们现在一定到那了 3.should ：表示说话人的猜测，估计应该。多用于第一人称。 That should be Janet coming upstairs now. 正在上楼的准是珍妮特。 4.should 和must的区别：must具有强制力。 You shouldn’t be cruel to animals.(不具备强制力）
You mustn’t park your car here. Drive it away immediately.(具有强制力）
练习一：
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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1. We throw the rubbish into the bin.
A. should B. ought to C. may D. would 2. Parents raise their children until they are 18. A. should B. ought to C. may D. would 3. They discuss it now.
A. ought to not B. not ought to C. don’t ought to D. ought not to 4. he his parents about this problem?
A. Should, listens B. Ought, listens to C. Should, listen to D. Ought, listen to 5. He here on time. A. should came B. should come C. should comes D. should coming B） He ought to finish this work at the moment. 1. this work at the moment? (改成一般疑问句) 2. He this work at the moment.（改成否定句） He should put the books here. 3. He the books here.（改成否定句） 4. he the books here? (改成一般疑问句) Should we stay here? 5. No, . (作否定回答)
二、Infinitive and Gerunds
（一）不定式（Infinitive） 1. 什么是动词不定式？ 主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构, 我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化, 在句子中不能作谓语。 2.不定式的语用功能 1) 表示“决定、计划、打算……做某事”。如： We need to help the animals live in peace. 我们要帮助动物生活在安全的环境里。 Many people decide not to think about it. 很多人决定不去想这件事。 这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再如：hope to do sth., plan to do sth.和want to do sth.。我们会发现，动词后面的不定式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。如果表示“决定不做某事，打算不做某事”，就可以采用decide not to do sth.和plan not to do sth.结构的句型。 2) 表示对某一行为的描述。如：
It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve. 了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区的知识很有趣。
It’s sad to think about all those animals in danger. 想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。
当我们要表示“做某事很重要”等类似概念时就可以使用包含动词不定式的这个句型： It is … to do sth. It is important to build a nature reserve. 建立一个自然保护区十分重要。 It is good to get up early in the morning. 早晨早起有好处。 3) 表示一个人对某件事的态度。如：
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger? 发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？ 当我们表示类似于“见到您很高兴”之类的意思时，可以采用sb. be glad to do sth.的句型。如：He was happy to see them again. 他为再次见到他们而感到高兴 4）表示某一事或物的某种属性，如：
Their water isn’t good to drink … 他们的水不适宜饮用 …… 当我们要表达诸如“这个问题很难回答”“这些苹果不好吃”之类的意思时,一般可以采用sth. 、is +形容词+ to do的结构。如：
This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 5) 计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定式。如：
The government has made a new plan to help pandas. 政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计划。
6) 表示目的。如：
Our government is working hard to save pandas. 政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。 在英语中如果表示“做某事是为了什么”时，就可以用动词不定式表示目的，称为 目的状语。不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。如： To catch the early bus he got up at 5 o’clock in the morning.为了赶上早班车，他早晨5点就起床了。
7) 表示“可以派某种用场”这类意思。如:
Many animals have no place to live in. 许多动物没有地方生存。 当要表示“可以居住的房间”、“可以食用的东西”、“可以停车的地方” 等类概念时，就可以用动词不定式，在这种句子中不定式作名词的定语。如：
There is no place to park cars in this area. 这里没有可以停车的地方。 8) 表示某事或物怎么样。如：
The difficulty is to stop people killing them. 最困难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。 Your duty today is to send these letters out. 你今天的任务就是把这些信都发出去。 （二）动名词 (Gerunds) 1 介词+ doing （介宾） I am sorry for hurting your feelings. We should keep/stop them from going out. 2 动词固定搭配, 做宾语。 finish doing / enjoy doing / mind doing sth. / keep doing sth. practice doing sth. / give up doing /suggest doing/be busy doing sth. / deny (admit) doing sth. You should practice speaking English every day. 3 动词放在前面作主语，相当于名词短语的作用。 Collecting stamps is great fun.
Eating too much meat is harmful to your health.
（三）动名词和动词不定式的联系和区别
1、 区别 to do sth. / doing sth.
stop to do sth. 停下（正做的事情）去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
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（stop to do sth.= stop doing sth. to do sth.） remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做某事
try to do sth. 设法去做，努力去做?? try doing sth. 尝试着做??
regret to do sth. 对未做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth. 对做过的事后悔
2、动词不定式和动名词作主语时的用法比较 表一般抽象概念时可互换。
Reading good books enriches our mind. To read good books enriches our mind.
注：动词不定式和动名词作主语时谓语动词一定是单数。
表具体的、特定情形下的或有待完成的动作，通常用动词不定式。
To finish reading such a long novel will takes me several days. 读完这么长的小说要花费我好几天的时间。
（To finish reading such a long novel 表具体的待完成的动作。） Swimming is good for health, but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health. 游泳有益健康，但在这条污染如此严重的河里游泳是有害健康的。 （To swim in such a polluted river指特定情况下的动作。）
3. 当表语是important, necessary,easy 时后面只能用不定式。且在it is +adj/n. +for/of sb to do sth句型只能用不定式作真正的主语； 而表语为no use, no good, a waste of time, worth时，常用动名词。 It is important to protect ourenvironment. It is no use at all arguing with him. 4. 在there is no 后面只用动名词。 There is no knowing whether he will come. There is no telling where he has gone. 5.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语 afford offer agree ask decide expect hope wish refuse pretend manage 6.有些动词只能用动名词作宾语 avoid advise appreciate(感激) suggest admit Permit(允许) keep consider delay(延期) enjoy complete finish practise mind excuse escape risk miss can’t stand be used to look forward to put off give up put up with(忍受, 容忍)keep on get down to (prep)(开始认真考虑) devote to (prep) have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing
[在某些动词后如 learn, continue 既可以跟动名词也可以跟动词不定式， 意义上基本无差别。]
7.begin, start后面跟动词不定式和动名词都可以，通常可以互换，但在以下三种情
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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况下只能用不定式形式。
A. begin, start本身为进行时态; B. 主语为非生物的名词或it时;
C. 后接表示心理状态的动词不定式, 如: know, see, understand, feel, realize。 8.在like, love, hate, prefer 后，若表示习惯性行为、通常的动作多用动名词； 若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的动作时，多用不定式。
【练习二】用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Tony hates _______ (see) his team lose. 2. Daming enjoys _________ (listen) to music.
3. They decided _______ (visit) Radio Beijing with Sally.
4. They have to stop _______ (walk) when the red light is on.
5. Keep ________ (study) English if you want to work on Radio Beijing. 6. You need ________ (speak) English to work in radio. 7. He started _______ (make ) his own radio programme. 8. He remembers _______ (get) his first job in radio. 9. He learnt ________ (speak) on the radio. 10. I want ______ (win). I like _______ (win). 11. Is that the weather report?
I need _______ (know) if it’s going to rain.
12. Sally told Chen Huan she was _______ (make) new friends. 13. I’ll try ________ (record) the programme. 14. That’s the end of the programme. Thank you for ________ ( listen). 15. Tony likes listening to music, but he hates _________ (practice) the piano. 三、Comparative degree & Superlative degree 1、The Regular Form 构成方法 1.一般情况下，+_er/est_ 2.以不发音的“e”结尾,+ “r, st” 3.以重读闭音节结尾,以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的， 双写辅音加“er” 4.辅音字母+“y”结尾,把 “y”改成 “I”再加 “er, est” 原级 tall nice thin hot big funny easy busy expensive 比较级 taller nicer thinner hotter bigger funnier easier busier more expensive 最高级 tallest nicest thinnest hottest biggest funniest easiest busiest most expensive 5.多音节单词，在adj.前加“more/most” 5 / 11