八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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2.The Irregular Form 原级 good,well bad,ill many,much little old far 比较级 better worse more less older elder farther further 最高级 best worst most least olest eldest farthest furthest 3、常见用法 A）比较级 1）“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” “A比B更……” 如：这棵树比那棵树高。 This tree is taller than that one. 注意： 比较级可以用a little, a bit, much, even, far来修饰，但是不能用very， quite，来修饰。 例：笔记本电脑比台式电脑贵一点。 A laptop is a little more expensive than a desktop
例：西瓜比苹果大得多。
A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. 例：她甚至比她姐姐还聪明。 She is even cleverer than her sister.
2）“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”，表示“越来越……” 例1：春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。
It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 例2：中秋过后天气越来越凉爽。
It is getting cooler and cooler after Mid-autumn Festival.. 例3：我们的学校变得越来越美丽
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 3）“the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。 例1：越快越好。
The sooner，the better.
例2：你吃越多，就会越胖。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 例3：钱你赚得越多，花得越多。
The more money you make, the more you spend. 4）用比较级表示倍数：
①. A + be +倍数+ times + the + 形容词对应名词形式+ of + B. 如：这座新楼比那座旧楼的三倍高。
The new building is three times the height of the old one.
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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②. A + be +倍数+ times +as +原级+ as+ B. 如：亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is four times as large as Europe. ③. A + be + 倍数+比较级+ than + B. 如：我们学校比你们学校大两倍。。 Our school is twice bigger than yours.
B）最高级
形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来比较三者或三者以上人或事物的
(1)句子中有表示范围的词或短语，如：of the three, in our class，in the world时，一般要用最高级。 如：他在我们班里是最高的。 He is the tallest in our class. 2) one of the + 最高级 如：哈佛大学是世界上最有名的大学之一。 Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the world. (3)序数词 + 最高级 如：中国是世界第三大国。 China is the third largest country in the world. （4）“否定词语+比较级”, 或者 “否定词语+ so… as”表示最高级的意义 例1：没什么比这个更简单了。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 【温馨提醒】 例2：Jeff 是班里最高的男生。 1. a little 、much 、even 、a lot、 Jeff is the tallest boy in his class. far +形容词比较级 =Nobody is taller than Jeff in his class. =Nobody is as tall as Jeff in his class. 2. “ 比较级 and 比较级 ” 意=Jeff is taller than anybody in his class. 思：越来越…… 【练习三】：用所给单词的正确形式填空。
3. The + 比较级， the +比较级” A） 意思： 越……就越…… (1) My pocket money is much _____than yours.(much) (2) My country will become far ___________. (beautiful) 4. …数量 + 比较级 than … (3) He feels a lot ________ than yesterday.(good) 5. the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名(4) This question is even ______ than that one. (easy) 词 + in/of 表示“第几最…” (5) Lily is a little _______ than her classmates.(thin) (6) This girl is a bit________ than that .(nice) 6. one of the + 最高级 + 名词复B） 数 (+ in/of) 1. Tom is tall. Jim is short.(比较级合并) Tom is _______ ______ Jim. 7.可修饰比较级的词有 much, 2. My hair is long. Mary’s hair is longer .(合并成一句) far, a lot, even, a little, a bit等！ Mary’s hair _______ _________ _______ mine. 3. Pedro is thinner than Sam. (改为同义句) Sam is _______________ ________ Pedro.
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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4. My sister is better at study than me. She is clever. (改为同义句) My sister is ___________ intellectual (聪明的) than me at study. 5. Peter is funny. Paul is funny, too. (合并成一句) Peter is _______ funny ________ Paul.
四、The present perfect tense and the simple past tense
1、Forms of the Present Perfect Tense
肯定式 主语 + have / has + 过去分词(pp.) 否定式 主语 + have / has not + 过去分词(pp.) 疑问式 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词(pp.) ? 2.现在完成时基本用法
表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 1. 常与下列状语连用： already, yet, just, recently, before, ever, never 2. 或与表示一段时间的状语连用： for two years，since 1989
【练习四】A）
1. ---Have you ________ been to Beijing? 关键词 ---No ________. just， yet，since， for， ever, 2. I have ______ finished my work. never， already， before 3. I have finished my work__________. so far. 4. Have you finished your work______? 5. She has taught English _____ 10 years.
6. He has worked in the factory ______ 2 years ago. 3.现在完成时与过去时的用法 1） 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调该动作对现在造成的影响或结果； 2）一般过去时侧重表达过去某一时间存在的状态或发生的动作，与现在无关。 如：She has just had her lunch. 她刚吃过午饭了。 （指现在还不太饿）
She has her lunch just now. 她刚吃了午饭。 3）时间状语 1. 现在完成时常与already, yet, just, recently, before, ever, never, for, since连用； 2. 一般过去时常与表示具体的过去时间状语yesterday, two weeks ago, last night等连用。
1. The train has already arrived. (现在火车还在）
2. The train arrived half an hour ago.（不知道火车还在不在） 3. They have helped me a lot. （强调对现在的影响） 4. They helped me a lot. （侧重陈述过去发生的事）
注意：现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能与持续性时间搭配使用，如how long、for + 一段时间等；如要表示持续发生的动作，要换成持续性动词： 1. go - be away 2. come - be here 3. come back - be back 4. leave - be away 5. lose - be lost 6. get up - be up 7. die - be dead 8. begin - be on 9. finish - be over
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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10. open - be open 11. close - be closed 12. become - be 13. turn on - be on 14. buy - have 15. borrow - keep 16. get to know - know 17. sit down - sit/be seated 18. join - be in(…) 或 be a…member
【练习四】B）
a) Correct the sentences:
1. How long has he become a nurse? 2. I’ve borrowed the fiction for a month. 3. The radio has been turned on for 2 hours.
4. We have got to known each other for 12 years. 5. Father has left home for one day. 6. How long have you bought the bike? b)Fill in the blanks:
7. He went away 3 minutes ago. He for 3 minutes. 8. I lost my pen yesterday.
How long lost? 9. The movie began 5 minutes ago.
The movie for 5 minutes. 10. The poor cat died a week ago.
The poor cat for a week. 11. When did she join the Party?
She for 10 years. She for 10 years.
重点： have gone to 与 have been to 的区别 have gone to 表示“已去（某地）” 人已离开，不在说话现场。 have been to 表示“去过（某地）”人已回来 have been in 表示已去，并且还在那里。
【练习四】C）
1.He has _____ the zoo several times . A. been to B. been in C. been D. be 2. ____ you _____ this pen? It is useful.
A. Has, bought B. Have, bought C. have, had D. Did, buy 3. He _________ Guangzhou for five years.
A. has been to B. has been in C. went D. has gone to 4. Mary has never seen pandas, _____?
A. hasn’t B. has she C. has Mary D. hasn’t Mary 5. Li Lei hasn’t got up _____.
A. already B. ever C. yet D. just
6. — May isn’t here. She ____ Nanhai. — When ____ she ____?
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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— Yesterday.
A. has gone to, has gone B. has gone to, did go C. has been to, did, go D. went, has gone
五、Exclamations 感叹句
what结 构：what 为引导词，修饰名词 What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语！ eg: What a kind man he is!
What+形容词+名词复数+主语+谓语！ eg: What interesting books you are reading! What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ eg: What exciting news it is! how结构：how 为引导词，修饰形容词、副词 How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ eg: How kind she is! How well they dances! 注：若句中无形容词、副词，只有一个主谓部分，则感叹词用how： How I want to be a great teacher! How time flies!
【练习】
1.You are wearing an old shirt. (what) _____________________________ 2. The boys are very excited. ( how ) _____________________________ 3. He is a funny person. ( what ) _____________________________ 4. She is very unlucky. ( how ) __________________________ 5. We have watched an exciting science fiction film. (what) ____________________________
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八年级（上）语法复习资料（1）
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参考答案
【练习一】
A) ABDCB
B) 1.Ought he to finish 2.ought not to finish 3.should not put 4.Should put 5. we shouldn’t 【练习二】
1-5 seeing/listening/to visit/talking/studying
6-10 to speak/making/getting/to speak/to win; winning 11-15 to know/making/to record/listening/practicing
【练习三】
A）more/more beautiful/better/easier/thinner/nicer
B) taller than/ is longer than/fatter(heavier) than/more/as…as
【练习四】
A） ever/never/just/already/yet/for/since
B）1-6 become→been/borrowed→kept/turned去掉/go to去掉/
left→been away/bought→had
7-11 has been away/ has your pen been/ has been on/ has been dead/
has been a Party member/ has been in the Party C） ABBBCB
【练习五】
1、What an old shirt you’re wearing! 2、How excited the boys are! 3、What a funny person he is! 4、How unlucky she is! 5、What an exciting science fiction film we have watched! 11 / 11