2012届毕业设计
毕业设计报告
(2012届)
所 属 系： 机械工程技术系 班 级： 机电0911 学 生 姓 名： 侯海丰 学 号： 2009529113
题 目： 油压减震器试验台传动系统设计
同 组 成 员： 丁晓波、方腾飞、高翔、郭通 指 导 教 师： 邱国仙
2012届毕业设计
摘要
安全可靠性、平稳性和舒适性的研究是目前高速机车运行所面临的重大课题。油压减振器作为机车车辆走行机构的重要组成部件之一，其性能优劣直接影响到机车车辆运行的稳定性和安全性，先进、可靠的油压减振器试验台是油压减振器出厂检验及维护保养的关键设备。
本文首先针对机车油压减振器及其检测技术的国内外现状，简要分析了我国目前铁路上几种常见的油压减振器的原理、作用、性能特点等。同时对国外和国内机车油压减振器试验台的结构及优、缺点进行了详细的分析，结合我国的实际现状，提出了低成本微机控制油压减振器试验台的方案。
（1）、本试验台是根据最新铁标《机车车辆油压减振器试验台技术条件》和《机车车辆油压减振器技术条件》研制的。可分别对垂向和横向（包括抗蛇行）减振器进行测试，适用于国内已有的各种型号的机车减振器的试验，同时还可满足欧洲油压减振器试验之用。
（2）、试验台采用齿轮变速加无级变频调速，微机控制及闭环转速控制技术，利用正弦激励振动实现油压减震器的各项性能测试。在满足技术要求的前提下，相比其他测试方案，生产成本更低。同时因采用精密滑轨及同步传动技术使设备的振动更小，噪音更低。
（3）、以 windows 操作系统作为开发平台，借鉴 Microsoft Windows 图形用户界面的许多先进特性和设计思想，利用 windows 系统的多任务管理功能，采用面向对象的可视化编程的 VB6.0 的语言编制的测试系统软件，使整个测试系统的人机界面友好，实现了测量、控制、参数设定、记录和数据处理的全自动化，使现场操作更便捷。
关键词： 油压减振器 试验台 传动系统
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2012届毕业设计
ABSTRACT
The development of Security , reliability, smooth and comfort of high-speed locomotive is currently a major issue. Oil damper,as the important component of locomotive Running Gear, its performance directly impact the stability and safety of locomotive. Advanced, reliable Test Platform of oil damper is the key equipment for hydraulic test ,inspection and maintenance of oil damper.Based on internal and international researches about the test technology of oil damper, this paper first briefly analysis the principles ,functions, characteristics and dynamics of several common oil damper on current railway. At the same time, the structure and the advantages and disadvantages of foreign and domestic locomotive oil damper test platform has been analyzed in the paper. Combined with the status of our country, a program has been proposed of a low-cost computer controlled oil damper test platform.
(1) This platform is developed basing on the latest Taiwan Railway superscript\oil damper experimental bench technology\and \Locomotive and Vehicle Structure oil damper technology\the test of the various models of the shock absorber,while also meeting the test of European oil damper.
(2) The platform used the gear transmission and no-Frequency Control to change the roll speed, and the computer control and closed-loop speed control technology have been used in the platform. Incentive sine vibration has been used to test the performance of oil dampers. Under the precondition of meeting the technical requirements ,the production costs is lower compared to other tests,. At the same time the sophisticated transmission glides and the technology of in-phase transmission have been adopted to absorb smaller vibration and less noise of equipment
(3) Using the windows operating system as a development platform, referencing to many advanced features and design ideas of graphical Microsoft Windows graphical interface, using the visual object-oriented programming in the language of the VB6.0 test System software, so that the whole testing system is friendly interface and realize the automatization of the measurement, control, parameter settings, recording and processing of the data, and the scene operation is more convenient.
KEY WORDS: oil damper test platform transmission system
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2012届毕业设计
前言
人类的交通史也是人类的发展史。展望新世纪，以轮轨系统为主体的我国高速及超告诉列车线路将形成纵横全国的网络。此外，在常速下常导型磁悬浮列车特别宁静，毫无污染，而且投资小于地铁，在未来城市交通中，将受到居民的热烈欢迎。过去，由于列车运行的速度比较低，减振器的作用不太明显，因此，人们对其没有给予足够的重视，所应用的减振器性能比较低。如今，“高速重载”是铁路营运的发展方向，随着列车提速进程的加快，机车、车辆运营中出现了很多前所未有的问题，有的在更换减振器后，问题得到了解决。鉴于液压减振器作为机车车辆走行机构的重要组成部件之一，其性能优劣直接影响到机车车辆运行的稳定性和安全性。因此，在机车车辆运行过程当中必须确保减振器能够保持其性能的可靠性和稳定性。所以对于油压减振器的性能提高是刻不容缓的。
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2012届毕业设计
目录
1绪论 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 设计任务 ............................................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
1.1.1油压减振器分类 ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2油压减振器的作用 ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.3油压减振器试验台的现状及发展状况 ................................................................................ 7 1.1.4油压减振器试验台的组成及种类 ....................................................................................... 12 1.1.5本次设计的背景、目的意义及要解决的问题 ................................................................. 13 2机车车辆减振器试验台传动系统设计 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.1明确原始数据及设计要求 ................................................................................................................ 14 2.2各种传动件的特点、适用场合及传动方案拟定 ....................................................................... 14
2.2.1带传动特点： ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.2链传动特点 ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2.3齿轮传动的特点： ................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.4蜗杆传动特点： ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1计算总的功率和转速，确定电机型号 .............................................................................. 16 2.3.2计算总功率 ................................................................................................................................ 17 2.4传动系统动力和运动参数设计 ...................................................................................................... 17 2.5传动件主要尺寸和参数的设计 ....................................................................................................... 18
2.5.1 V带传动的设计 ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.5.2带轮结构设计 ............................................................................................................................ 19 2.5.3圆柱齿轮传动设计 ................................................................................................................... 19 2.5.4圆柱蜗杆传动 ............................................................................................................................ 22 2.6轴的结构设计 ....................................................................................................................................... 24
2.6.1轴的设计 ..................................................................................................................................... 24 2.7标准件的选择和设计 ......................................................................................................................... 29
2.7.1轴1上键的选择及校核 ......................................................................................................... 29 2.7.2轴2齿轮键的选择及校核 ..................................................................................................... 30 2.8润滑与密封 ............................................................................................................................................ 31
2.8.1 润滑 ............................................................................................................................................. 31 2.8.2密封 .............................................................................................................................................. 35
结束语 ................................................................................................................................................................... 37 参考文献： .......................................................................................................................................................... 38 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
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