一、 填空题(每小题4分,共40分)
1.
设
1??f(t)?lim?t(1?)2tx?x??x??,则
f?(t)? .
1??2t解:?f(t)?t?lim(1?)x??te,?f?(t)?e2t?2te2t?(1?2t)e2t.
x??x??
2. 设曲线
L
的方程为x?e2t2t,y?t?e?t,则
L的拐点个数
为 .
dyyt?1?e?t1?2t-3t解:???(e?e), 2tdxxt?2e2??dy???d2y?dx?t11?2t-3t2t??(?2e?3e)/2e??(2e?4t?3e-5t). 2xt?24dxd2y?2?0,?无拐点,即L的拐点个数为0. dx 3.
设
)f(x)?(1?x)ex2,则
f(209 . (0)? 0???1n12n12n?12n?1x2x2解:?e??x,?e??x,?f(x)?(1?x)e??x??x.
n?0n!n?0n!n?0n!n?0n!x令2n?1?2009,则2n?2008,n?1004,?2009次幂项的系数a2009?又a20091. 1004!2009!f(2009)(0)(2009)(0)??,?f.
1004!2009!另解:利用2009阶Peano型余项(或者拉格朗日型余项)的麦克劳林公式,或者高阶导数
的乘法法则. 4.
设
f?(ex)?1?sinx,则
f(x)? .
解:?f?(ex)?1?sinx,
?f(ex)??(1?sinx)dex?(1?sinx)ex??exdsinx?(1?sinx)ex??excosxdx.
xxxxxx而ecosxdx?edsinx?esinx?esinxdx?esinx?edcosx
?????exsinx?(excosx??excosxdx)?ex(sinx?cosx)??excosxdx,
??excosxdx?1xe(sinx?cosx)?C. 211?f(ex)?(1?sinx)ex?ex(sinx?cosx)?C?ex(2?sinx?cosx)?C.
221?f(x)?x[2?sin(lnx)?cos(lnx)]?C.
2x另解:?f?(ex)?1?sinx,令t?e,则x?lnt,?f?(t)?1?sin(lnt),
1?f(x)??[1?sin(lnx)]dx?[1?sin(lnx)]x??x?cos(lnx)?dxx?[1?sin(lnx)]x??cos(lnx)dx.
而cos(lnx)dx?xcos(lnx)?x?sin(lnx)?dx?xcos(lnx)?sin(lnx)dx
??1x?1?xcos(lnx)?xsin(lnx)??x?cos(lnx)?dxx?x[cos(lnx)?sin(lnx)]??cos(lnx)dx.
而?cos(lnx)dx??1x[cos(lnx)?sin(lnx)]?C. 21x[cos(lnx)?sin(lnx)]?C2?f(x)?[1?sin(lnx)]x?? 5.
设
1x[2?cos(lnx)?sin(lnx)]?C. 2f(x)在(??,??)上连续,且
?0x?x2f(x?t)dt?x(1?ex),则
f(1)? .
解:??0x?x2f(x?t)dt?u?x?t?xx2f(u)(?du)??x2xf(u)du,??xxx2xf(u)du?x(1?ex).
对方程两边求导,有f(x)?2x?f(x)?1?e?xe. 令x?1,有2f(1)?f(1)?1?e?e,?f(1)?1?2e.
26.
?111lim?????2n???4n2?224n2?n2?4n?1.
解
:
n?????原
式
?lim?n??k?114n?k22?lim?n??k?1n1k4?()2n111dx?a???20n4?xx?a2011??.r 26r
7. 设曲线y?f(x)在原点处有拐点及切线y?2x,且满足微分方程y????y??0,则曲线的方程为 .
解:f(x)为y????y??0满足yx?0?0,y?x?0?2,y??x?0?0的特解. 由特征方程r?r?0,得特征根r1?0,r2??1,r3?1, 得微分方程的通解为y?C1?C2e?x?C3ex.
由初始条件,有y(0)?C1?C2?C3?0, y?(0)??C2?C3?2,
3y??(0)?C2?C3?0,解得C1?0,C2??1,C3?1.?曲线方程为y?ex?e?x.
8.
设
xyz?(xy)(
x?0,
y?0),则
?z?x? .
x?2y?1解:由lnz?xyx11?1?1(lnx?lny),有z??(lnx?lny)?x????(lnx?lny?1), xyzy?x?yx?2y?11?z??(xy)?(lnx?lny?1).?z?xxy
?22?(ln2?1)?4(ln2?1)..
9. 已知?an?为等差数列,an?1?an?d?0,an?0(n?1,2,?),且liman??,则级
n??数
1?n?1anan?1?的和
是 . 解:
1111?l(????)?n??aaaaaaaan?1nn?11223nn?1?i?l?1a2?a1a3?a2an?1?an?(????)? ?n??daaaaaa1223nn?1???i11111111111. lim(???????)?lim(?)?dn??a1a2a2a3anan?1dn??a1an?1da1
10. 设
2L为圆周
x2?y2?1,则
??yLcos(x2?y2?)?xsiny2ds? .
:
22x?y2?解
L的方程原式
方程11122??ycos?ds???yds???xds???(x?y)ds??L???2????. 对称性22L2LLL
二、 计算题(10分)
设f(1)?0, f?(1)?2,求limx?00?连续?;变形;0乘法f(sin2x?cosx)e?cosxx2.
解:原式
?f(sin2x?cosx?1)?1?f(1)sin2x?cosx?1 lim?limx2x?0x?0sin2x?cosx?1e?cosx2??x2(x?o(x))?(1??o(x2))?1f?(1)存在;2 ?f?(1)?lim2泰勒公式x?0x(1?x2?o(x2))?(1??o(x2))2x2x?o(x)??o(x2)f?(1)?22 ?2limx?032x?o(x2)21?o(1)2?2lim2?.
x?033?o(1)222
三、 计算题(10分)
设可导函数y?f(x)由方程x3?3xy2?2y3?32所确定,求f(x)的极值点与极值. 解:视y?f(x),对方程两边求导,得
dydy)?6y2??0, dxdxdy22?0. 即 x?y?2y(x?y)dxdy?0.……………………………………① 由原方程知,有 y?x, ?x?y?2ydxdy?0,得y??x,代入原方程,有x3?3x3?2x3?32, 令dx3x2?3(y2?2xy?解得唯一驻点x??2,此时y?f(?2)?2.
再对①式两边求导,得
dy?dy2d2y?1??2?()?y2??0.………………………………………②
dx?dxdx??2d2y在驻点x??2处,有1?0?2?0?22dx???d2y1??0, ??0,?2dxx??24?x??2??x??2为f(x)的极小值点,f(x)有极小值f(?2)?2.
四、 证明题(10分)
试证:当x?0时,有不等式0?1?1(arctanex?)?成立. x42t证明:令f(t)?arctane,g(t)?t,则对x?0,在0与x构成的闭区间上f(t)与g(t)满
足柯西中值TH条件,所以存在介于0与x之间的?,使得
f(x)?f(0)f?(?)?,
g(x)?g(0)g?(?)arctanex?即
?4?x?01e???e?.
1?e2?1?(e?)21?1e?e?1x0?(arctane?)?由0?,即得,证毕. ???2?x421?(e)2e2