衍生
pursuit n.action of pursuing sth.追求；寻求；从事；进行 用法：~ of sth.
eg: The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes.作出这些改变主要是为了追求利润。 构词
形容词后缀
-ful 具有?性质的 careful adj.小心的 hopeful adj.有希望的 doubtful adj.可疑的 forgetful adj.易忘的 respectful adj.谦恭的 -less 无?的
careless adj.粗心的 hopeless adj.没有希望的 doubtless adj.无疑的
homeless adj.having no home 无家的
eg: Thousands of people have been made homeless.上千人无家可归。 A Tribute to the Dog P1
The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy.His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful.Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. P2
The money that a man has he may lose.It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action.The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog. P3
A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness.He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master's side.He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer.He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world.He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. P4
When all other friends desert, he remains.When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies.And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death. EXERCISES
I Check Your Comprehension
Section A
（ ）1.The best friend a man has may be disloyal to him. [答疑编号506430030601：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】课文第一段首句给出答案，“一个人最好的朋友也有可能背叛他而成为他的敌
人”。turn against；背叛；disloyal 不忠的。答案为Y。
（ ）2.The money a man has may fly away when he needs it. [答疑编号506430030602：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】我们可以从课文第二段前两句话得到答案，“金钱也许会在他最需要的时候从
他身边飞走”。fly away ：飞走。答案为Y。
（ ）3.When severe winter sets in, the dog won't stand by its owner. [答疑编号506430030603：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】N
【答案解析】译文：当寒冷的冬天到来的时候，狗不会守在他们主人的身边。从课文第三段
第二句可知，的在寒冬到来之时，愿意躺在冰冷地面守在主人身边。答案为N。
（ ）4.A pet owner must be nice to his pet, hoping that the pet keeps his company forever. [答疑编号506430030604：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】NG
【答案解析】译文：主人必须好好对待宠物，寄希望于宠物们能永远陪伴在他们身边。课文 第三段及第四段谈及了狗对主人的忠诚，但是并未提及除狗之外的其他宠物，也没提及主人需要好好对待宠物。答案为NG。
（ ）5.A dog will retreat when it encounters tough difficulties. [答疑编号506430030605：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】N
【答案解析】译文：当的遇到艰难险阻对，它将退却。课文第四段综述了出现任何情况，狗
都会义无反顾地守护主人，而不会退却，答案为N。
（ ）6.When the owner becomes poor and his fame is ruined, the dog's love remains constant just like sunrise and sunset.
[答疑编号506430030606：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】译文：当主人家财四散，名誉扫地，狗对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘
古不变。我们可以从课文第四段第二句可以得出答案。答案为Y。
Section B
1.A son or daughter brought up with great care may turn out to be______________. [答疑编号506430030607：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】ungrateful
【答案解析】课文第一段第二句可以得出答案，即他满怀爱意抚养长大的儿女可能不知感恩。
答案为ungrateful。
2.Those people we are faithful to may betray ______________. [答疑编号506430030608：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】us
【答案解析】第一段最后一句提及，那些我们最近最亲的人，我们信任他们，把自己的幸福
和名声都托付于他们，他们都有可能会舍弃忠诚而背叛我们。答案为us。
3.When a person commits a mistake on purpose, his good fame may be______________ . [答疑编号506430030609：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】sacrificed
【答案解析】根据课文第二段第二句，一个人的名望更会仅仅因为某一次考虑不周的行为而
瞬间丧失殆尽。我们可以找到答案。答案为sacrificed。
4.A man's dog will stick by him whenever he is in ______________ . [答疑编号506430030610：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness
【答案解析】课文第三段第一句提及，A man's dog may stands by him in prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness，即不管主人是贫穷或富贵、病弱或健康，狗都会守护在主人的身旁。答案为prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness。
5.When the poor owner sleeps, the dog will tend to him as if he were______________. [答疑编号506430030611：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】a prince
【答案解析】我们可以从第三段最后一句得出答案，它忠诚地守卫着熟睡的主人，俨然这位
穷主人就是一位王子。答案为a prince。
6.If the owner unfortunately becomes friendless and homeless, the dog prefers to enjoy the right to ______________.
[答疑编号506430030612：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】accompany him
【答案解析】课文第四段第三句可以归纳出本题答案，即主人被世人抛弃、无家可归时，忠
心耿耿的狗也总是形影不离，对抗敌人，保护主人免遭危险。答案为accompany him。
Building Your Vocabulary Section A
1.Many people spend little time in _______________ of physical fitness.（pursue, pursuit） [答疑编号506430030613：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】pursuit
【答案解析】译文：许多人花费很少的时间追求身体健康。in pursuit of 是固定搭配，追
求、追寻的意思。答案为pursuit。
2.His_______________ old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.（faith, faithful） [答疑编号506430030614：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】faithful 【答案解析】译文：无论他到哪，他忠诚的狗都一直陪伴他。空格处的词修饰名词短语old dog。
因此应填入形容词faithful ，而非名词faith。答案为faithful。
3.At any time, don't feel sad for a（n）_______________ man.（grateful, ungrateful） [答疑编号506430030615：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】ungrateful 【答案解析】译文：任何时候，都不要为忘恩负义的人伤心。grateful：感恩的。ungrateful：
忘恩负义的。由句意可知，应填入ungrateful 。答案为ungrateful。
4.Often they are competing_______________ with fellow Spaniards for contracts.（fierce, fiercely） [答疑编号506430030616：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】fiercely 【答案解析】compete with 是固定动词词组格配，与??竞争的意思。空格中的词修饰前面
的动词compete ，因此用填入副词形式的fiercely（ 猛烈地）。答案为fiercely。
5.The war was followed by a long period of peace and ________________.（prosperous , prosperity） [答疑编号506430030617：针对该题提问]
【正确答案】prosperity 【答案解析】译文：战争之后是长时间的和平与繁荣。空格中填入的词与前面的名词peace 并