年产3万吨聚氯乙烯聚合车间工艺设计
材料与化学工程学院
本科毕业设计
课题名称： 年产3万吨聚氯乙烯聚合车间工艺设计 专 业： 化学工程与工艺 班 级： 07化工（2）班 学生姓名： 胡晓伟 学 号： 07206040209 指导教师： 王亚琴
2011年6月
2
安徽建筑工业学院本科生毕业设计
摘 要
本设计是年产3万吨聚氯乙烯（PVC）车间合成工段初步设计。本文对聚氯乙烯的研究，生产和应用进行了详细的概述，阐述了其在化学工业中的作用和地位。确定了聚氯乙烯的生产工艺。在确定聚氯乙烯生产工艺的基础上进行了物料衡算，热量衡算，设备选型等。讨论了三废、供电、供水、采暖的处理方案。阐述了公用工程的自动控制水平。
关键词：聚氯乙烯（PVC），氯乙烯，物料衡算，热量衡算，聚合反应
Abstract
The process design of synthesis section of three thousand tons Polyvinyl chloride polymer in workshop was designed. In this paper, firstly, synthesis method of Polyvinyl chloride polymer, production and application were outlined. Its effect and status was introducted in chemical industry. Secondly, process of Polyvinyl chloride polymer was selected in the design. Mass balance and heat balance were finished, and the size and type of key equipments were selected. And methods of treating ―Three Wastes‖, electrical power supply, feedwater supply, heating were discussed. Ventilation Control in public works was accounted.
Keywords: Polyvinyl chloride polymer（PVC），Polyvinyl chloride，Mass balance，heat balance，condensation reaction
年产3万吨聚氯乙烯聚合车间工艺设计
目 录
引言 ··················································································································································· 2 第一章 总论 ······································································································································ 4
1.1 国内外pvc发展状况及发展趋势 ······················································································· 4 1.2单体合成工艺路线 ··············································································································· 5
1.2.1乙炔路线 ···················································································································· 5 1.2.2乙烯路线 ···················································································································· 6 1.3聚合工艺实践方法 ··············································································································· 7
1.3.1本体法聚合生产工艺 ································································································· 7 1.3.2乳液聚合生产工艺····································································································· 7 1.3.3悬浮聚合生产工艺····································································································· 8 1.4最佳的配方、后处理设备的选择 ························································································ 9
1.4.1配方的选择 ················································································································ 9 1.4.2后处理设备侧选择····································································································· 9 1.5防粘釜技术 ························································································································ 11 1.6原料及产品性能 ················································································································· 11 1.7聚合机理 ···························································································································· 13
1.7.1自由基聚合机理 ······································································································ 13 1.7.2链反应动力学机理··································································································· 14 1.7.3成粒机理与颗粒形态 ······························································································· 14 1.8影响聚合及产品质量的因素 ······························································································ 15 1.9工艺流程叙述 ····················································································································· 16
1.9.1加料系统 ·················································································································· 16 1.9.2聚合系统 ·················································································································· 18 1.9.3回收系统 ·················································································································· 19 1.9.4干燥系统 ·················································································································· 20
第二章 工艺计算 ·························································································································· 21
2.1物料衡算 ···························································································································· 21
2.1.1聚合釜 ······················································································································ 21 2.1.2 混料槽 ····················································································································· 24 2.1.3汽提塔 ······················································································································ 25 2.1.4离心机 ······················································································································ 28 2.1.5 沸腾床 ····················································································································· 29 2.2热量衡算 ···························································································································· 30
2.2.1聚合釜 ······················································································································ 30 2.2.2沸腾床的热量计算··································································································· 35
第三章 设备的计算及选型 ········································································································· 42
3.1 聚合釜 ····························································································································· 42 3.2 混料槽 ······························································································································· 43 3.3 汽提塔 ······························································································································· 43 3.4 离心机 ······························································································································· 44 第四章 车间设备布置设计 ··········································································································· 45
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安徽建筑工业学院本科生毕业设计
4.1 车间设备布置的原则 ······································································································ 45 4.2 车间设备平面布置的原则 ······························································································· 45 4.3 车间设立面布置的原则··································································································· 46 第五章 环境保护 ·························································································································· 46 参考文献·········································································································································· 48 致 谢 ··············································································································································· 50
年产3万吨聚氯乙烯聚合车间工艺设计
引言
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是5大通用塑料之一,具有耐腐蚀、电绝缘、阻燃性和机械强度
高等优异性能,广泛用于工农业及日常生活等各个领域,尤其是近年来建筑市场对PVC产品的巨大需求,使其成为具备相当竞争力的一个塑料品种。
PVC是工业化生产较早（1931年）的通用性热塑性塑料，目前全世界PVC糊树脂总生产能力约200万t/a,仅次于PE居第二位。其中,我国聚氯乙烯工业起步于于50年代，仅次于酚醛树脂是最早工业化生产的热塑性树脂，第一个PVC装置于1958年在锦西化工厂建成投产，生产能力为3000吨／年。此后全国各地的PVC装置相继建成投产，到目前为止，我国有PVC树脂生产企业80余家，遍布全国29个省、市、自治区，总生产能力达220万吨／年70-75万t/a。PVC树脂在我国塑料工业中具有举足轻重的地位，同时PVC作为氯碱工业中最大的有机耗氯产品，对维持氯碱工业的氯碱平衡具有极其重要的作用。
本设计为年产量3.26万吨聚氯乙烯车间聚合工段工艺。本次设计采用了氯乙烯单体悬浮聚合工艺。介绍了PVC的聚合工艺，合成聚氯乙烯的流程和设备，对整个生产工艺做出了详细的叙述。
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