在十一届全国人大三次会议记者会上温家宝答中外记者问
PREMIER WEN JIABAO MEETS THE PRESS
2010年3月14日上午，十一届全国人大三次会议在人民大会堂举行记者会，国务院总理温家宝应大会发言人李肇星的
邀请会见中外记者，并回答记者提问。
On the morning of 14 March 2010, a press conference of the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's
Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People. At the invitation of Mr. Li Zhaoxing, spokesman of the NPC Session, Mr. Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council, met journalists from home and abroad and answered their questions.
记者会开始时，温家宝说：记者朋友们，大家好。过去的两年我们是在极其困难条件下走过来的。人民用坚实的步伐走
过了不平坦的道路，这将会在历史上留下印迹。今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘。我们应该记住这样一条古训：行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈、麻痹和动摇。同时我们要坚定信心。华山再高，顶有过路。解决困难唯一的办法、出路和希望，在于我们自己的努力。我深深爱着我的国家。没有一片土地让我这样深情和激动，没有一条河流让我这样沉思和起伏。亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。我将以此明志，做好今后三年的工作。
Premier Wen Jiabao's opening remarks: Good morning, friends of the press. The Chinese people have encountered
extreme difficulties in the past two years, and have traveled an extraordinary journey with solid steps. This will leave an imprint in the annals of history. The road ahead will not be smooth. It may even be filled with difficulties and challenges. We must always remember the adage that \never slacken our efforts or waver in our resolve. And we must reinforce our confidence. \one can always ascend to its top\work. I have deep love for my country. There is no land on Earth that can arouse such passion and excitement in me; there is no river in the world that can trigger so many thoughts and reflections. \regret even a thousand deaths.\
英国《金融时报》记者：我想问一个有关中国货币政策的问题。现在中国经济发展速度很快，中国经济迅速实现企稳回
升，中国的通货膨胀也在上涨，几乎已经达到了您在政府工作报告中定下的今年通胀保持在3%左右的目标。不管外界给中国什么样的压力或者对中国的货币政策作出什么评论，我想问，让人民币升值难道不是符合中国自身利益的一件事吗？
Financial Times: I'd like to ask a question about China's currency policy. The economy is now growing very strongly in
China. You've recovered very quickly. And the inflation is now rising almost close to the 3% target you set for the year. So regardless of pressure and comments from other countries, isn't it now in China's interest to begin appreciating your currency?
温家宝：第一，我认为人民币的币值没有低估。让我们看一组数据：我们统计了去年37个国家对中国的出口情况，其中
有16个国家对中国的出口是增长的。就是欧盟地区，出口总体下降20.3%，但是对中国的出口只下降1.53%。我举一个德国的例子，那就是去年德国对中国的出口多达760亿欧元，创历史最高。美国去年出口下降17%，但是对中国的出口仅下降0.22%。中国已经成为周边国家包括日本、韩国的主要出口市场，也成为欧美的重要出口市场。
Premier: First I don't think the RMB is undervalued. Let's take a look at a set of figures here. We did a survey on the
exports of 37 countries to China last year. Sixteen out of the 37 countries saw an increase in their exports to China. The European Union's total exports dropped by 20.3%, yet its exports to China only fell by 1.53%. Germany's exports to China reached a record high of ?76 billion. Exports by the United States dropped by 17%, but its exports to China only declined by 0.22%. China has become a major export market for its neighboring countries, including Japan and the ROK. It is also an important export market for European countries and the United States.
第二，在国际金融危机爆发和蔓延期间，人民币汇率保持基本稳定对世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。人民币汇率形成机
制改革是从2005年7月份开始的，到现在人民币的币值对美元升值21%，实际有效汇率升值16%。我这里特别强调指出，2008年7月到2009年2月，也就是世界经济极为困难的时期，人民币并没有贬值，而实际有效汇率升值14.5%。在这期间，2009
年，我们的外贸出口下降了16%，但是进口只降低了11%，顺差减少了1020亿美元。人民币汇率在国际金融危机蔓延中基本稳定，对世界经济复苏起了促进作用。
Second, we have kept the RMB exchange rate at a basically stable level since the outbreak of the international
financial crisis. This has played an important role in facilitating the global economic recovery. We started the reform in the RMB exchange rate regime in July 2005. And since then the RMB has appreciated by 21% against the US dollar. The real effective exchange rate of the RMB rose by 16%. Here I would like to point out that between July 2008 and February 2009 when the world economy was in the midst of grave difficulties, we did not devalue the RMB. Actually the real effective RMB exchange rate rose by 14.5%. In 2009, our exports dropped by 16%, but our imports only declined by 11%. China's trade surplus thus declined by US$102 billion. A basically stable RMB exchange rate in the midst of the international financial crisis has contributed to the recovery of the global economy.
第三，一国的汇率形成机制是由一国的经济决定的，汇率的变动也是由经济的综合情况决定的。我们主张自由贸易，因
为自由贸易不仅使经济像活水一样流动，而且给人们带来福祉与和平。我们反对各国之间相互指责，甚至用强制的办法来迫使一国的汇率升值，因为这样做不利于人民币汇率的改革。在贸易问题上，我们主张协商，通过平等协商总会找到共赢或者多赢的渠道。
Third, a country's exchange rate mechanism is determined by its economic conditions. And any change in the
exchange rate policy is a response to the overall economic situation of the country. We call for free trade, because free trade helps keep the economy going like flowing water and brings benefits and peace to the people. We are opposed to the practice of mutual finger-pointing between countries, or even taking strong measures to force another country to appreciate its currency, because such practice is not in the interest of the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime. On trade issues, we have always maintained that trade disputes should be resolved through consultations. And we believe that equal consultations will always lead to a win-win or all-win solution.
第四，人民币将继续坚持以市场供求为基础、有管理的浮动汇率制度，我们将进一步推进人民币汇率形成机制的改革，
保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。
Fourth, we will continue to implement a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand.
We will continue to reform the RMB exchange rate regime and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.
新华社记者：国际货币基金组织不久前对今明两年世界经济和中国经济的发展都作出了比较乐观的预测，但是不少经济
学家却认为世界经济和中国经济的发展都存在二次探底的风险，甚至认为这种风险不可避免。您在刚刚通过的政府工作报告中也用“极为复杂”四个字形容今年我们面对的形势，您怎么看舆论的这种担心？中国经济将如何避免出现二次探底的情况？经济的形势“极为复杂”，复杂在哪里？
Xinhua News Agency: The International Monetary Fund has made quite optimistic forecasts of the world economy and
China's economy for this year and the next. However, some economists believe that both the world economy and China's economy face the risk of a double-dip. They even hold the view that a double-dip is unavoidable. You said in your report on the work of the government that this year will be a very complex year for the Chinese economy. I would like to get your perspective on the worries of the public. What will the Chinese government do to avert the risk of a double-dip? And why is this year going to be a very complex year for China?
温家宝：形势复杂，复杂在不确定因素多。我认为，虽然世界经济出现整体复苏的形势，但世界经济的主要矛盾和问题
并没有完全消除。一些主要经济体失业率居高不下，一些国家主权债务危机还在暴露，金融和财政还存在风险，大宗商品和主要货币的汇率不稳定，由于通胀的预期而使一些国家在政策的选择上产生困难，这些都有可能使经济复苏的形势出现反复，甚至二次探底。
Premier: This year is going to be a very complex year for the Chinese economy, because we still face a lot of
uncertainties. I believe in spite of the overall recovery in the world economy, the major challenges and problems in the global
economy have yet to be fully addressed. The unemployment rates in some major economies have been hovering at a high level. Some countries have witnessed the outbreak of sovereign debt crisis. There are still risks in the financial sector and public finance. Prices of bulk commodities on international markets and exchange rates of major currencies are not yet stable. As a result of inflation expectations, some countries are facing difficulties in making policy decisions. All these may cause setbacks in the global economic recovery and may even lead to a double-dip.
中国的经济离不开世界。我们虽然出现了经济的企稳回升，但是我们许多企业的经营状况还没有根本好转，它们主要靠
政策的支撑。国际金融危机对中国经济的冲击在一定程度上讲，是对我们经济结构和发展方式的冲击，而调整结构和转变发展方式不是一个短期的过程，要作艰苦的努力。我们必须坚持把转变发展方式、调整结构放在重要位置，改变中国经济发展的不平衡、不协调和不可持续的问题。中国经济今年必须处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整结构和管理好通胀预期三者的关系，走出一条光明的路子。只有这样，才可能避免二次探底。
It is impossible for China to develop its economy out of the context of broader international economy. It is true that the
Chinese economy has stabilized and is turning for the better, but I shall also point out that there has not yet been a fundamental improvement in the operations of many Chinese businesses, which mainly rely on government policy support. The impact of the international financial crisis on the Chinese economy is, to a certain extent, the impact on our economic structure and growth pattern. We cannot expect to complete the arduous task of economic restructuring and changing the growth pattern in a short span of time. We must make long and hard efforts. We will continue to give priority to transforming the growth pattern and economic restructuring and thereby address such problems as the lack of balance, coordination and sustainability in the Chinese economy. This year we will work to maintain fast and steady economic growth, and at the same time restructure our economic structure and manage inflation expectations, thus ushering in a bright future for the Chinese economy. And only in this way can we avert the risk of a double-dip.
美国《新闻周刊》记者：有美国官员、分析家以及媒体认为，在去年12月举行的哥本哈根气候大会上，中国代表团表现
傲慢，温家宝总理您本人甚至拒绝参加一个包括美国总统奥巴马在内的若干国家元首或首脑参加的重要会议，这令与会各方感到失望和吃惊。您对此作何回应？您如何看待哥本哈根进程？
Newsweek Magazine: According to media reports, some American officials and analysts say that the Chinese
delegation, the representatives at Copenhagen, the Climate Change Summit in December, were perceived as arrogant, and that you, Mr. Premier, your decision not to attend the key meeting there even though other heads of state, including President Barack Obama, were in attendance at the meeting was a reason for disappointment and surprise by some of the other participants. What is your response to this and how did the proceedings in Copenhagen look from your perspective?
温家宝：中国有一句古语：人或加讪，心无疵兮。但毕竟你还给了我一个澄清真相的机会，因此，我首先应该感谢你。
去年12月17号，也就是在哥本哈根领导人大会前一天晚上，丹麦女王为各国领导人举行宴会，就在那次宴会上，我从一位欧洲国家领导人那里知道当天晚上有一个少数国家参加的会议，她给我拿出了一个单子，上面赫然有中国的名字。我感到震惊，因为我没有接到任何通知。就在这时，一位新兴大国的领导人主动约见我，说有紧急的事情要和我谈。他告诉我，他从一位欧洲国家领导人那里得到通知，说当天晚上有一个会议。我对他讲，我没有得到通知。回到驻地，我紧急召集中方人员进行查询，确实我们代表团没有接到通知。
Premier: As a Chinese proverb goes, \
outside.\
On the evening of 17 December last year, the evening before the start of the high-level segment of the Copenhagen
Conference, the Queen of Denmark hosted a banquet for the participating leaders of the Copenhagen Conference. At the banquet, I learned from the leader of a European country that there would be a small group leader's meeting after the banquet. I was shown a list of the invited countries and the list had the name China on it. I felt shocked because I had not received any notification about this meeting.
It was at this moment that the leader of a big emerging country sent his staff to me, telling me that his leader wanted to
talk to me for an urgent matter. The leader told me that he had just received a notice about this small group leaders' meeting from the leader of a European country. I told him that I had not received any notification.
Upon returning to my hotel, I immediately called members of the Chinese delegation to a meeting to check what had
really happened. I learned that indeed the Chinese delegation had not received any notification of this meeting.
在这种情况下，我决定：第一，向大会秘书处质询。第二，请杨外长给美国国务卿克林顿打电话告诉真相。第三，即使
没有接到通知，我们也仍然派外交部副部长何亚非与会。我想在这里说明，那时奥巴马总统还没有抵达哥本哈根。何亚非副部长到达会场，首先代表中国政府代表团表示抗议，并且说“我是不请而来的”。为什么不通知中国？至今没有人向我们做任何解释，至今在我的脑子里还是一个谜团。
Under such circumstances, I decided, first, we would inquire of the secretariat of the conference for the accurate
information. Second, I asked Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi to call US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to tell her the real situation. And third, I decided that although the Chinese delegation had not received any notification, I would still send Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei to the meeting.
Let me tell you that President Obama had not yet arrived in Copenhagen by that time. Upon arriving at the meeting,
Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei voiced a protest on behalf of the Chinese delegation and he said, %uninvited.\
Why was China not notified of this meeting? Up until today, no one has given us any explanation and it still is a mystery
to me.
在哥本哈根60个小时，我几乎没有休息。我会见了德、英、日等国的领导人，会见了印度、巴西等国的领导人，会见了
77国集团、非盟以及小岛国的代表。我两次会见奥巴马总统，而且进行了长时间的会谈。我还会见了联合国秘书长和东道主丹麦首相。中国政府代表团所做的大量工作是有目共睹的。在哥本哈根会议遇到困难、许多国家领导人准备“打道回府”的时候，我们坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成了《哥本哈根协议》。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可能取得的最好成果。
In the sixty hours that I spent at Copenhagen, I had little time for rest. As you may know, I held meetings with leaders of
Germany, the UK and Japan. I met with leaders of India and Brazil. I also held meetings with representatives of the G77 and AU and leaders of some small island countries. I met US President Obama twice, and we had long conversations. I also had meetings with the UN Secretary-General and Prime Minister of the host country, Denmark. The Chinese delegation put in a large amount of efforts at the Copenhagen conference, and our efforts were widely recognized.
哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持《哥本哈根协议》。
就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示全面支持《哥本哈根协议》的立场，并且同意将中国列入支持《哥本哈根协议》的国家名单。
I did not give up the efforts and continued with consultations with leaders from other countries when the Copenhagen
conference ran into difficulty and leaders of some delegations were even getting prepared to leave Copenhagen. China worked with other countries attending the conference and, with joint efforts, we made possible the Copenhagen Accord. This achievement has not come easily. It is the best outcome that could be achieved on an issue that concerns the major interests of all countries.
为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系各国的利益，关系世界的公平和正义。
我们坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则是完全正确的，我们将继续同世界各国一道推进应对气候变化的进程。
After the Copenhagen conference, I wrote letters to the UN Secretary-General and Danish Prime Minister respectively
last January, stating in clear-cut terms that China highly commends and supports the Copenhagen Accord. Not long ago,
China once again wrote to the UN, stating that China fully supports the Copenhagen Accord and confirming that China can be included in the list of countries supporting the Copenhagen Accord.
It still baffles me why some people keep trying to make an issue about China. The issue of climate change concerns
human survival, the interests of all countries and equity and justice in the world. We are fully justified to stick to the principle of \efforts in tackling climate change.
台湾《联合报》记者：想请教您有关商签两岸经济合作框架协议的问题。您两会之前和网民交流的时候提到说在商签两
岸经济合作框架协议的时候，考虑到两岸经济规模的差异，还有台湾中小企业以及农民的利益，大陆这边可以让利。那能不能请您向我们透露一下大陆让利的实质内涵是什么？您认为今年6月两岸可以签署ECFA吗？去年您在这里有一段温馨的谈话，您说想到台湾去看一看，如果两岸签了ECFA后对您到台湾走走看看会不会创造更好的条件？
Taiwan-based United Daily News: My question is about the negotiation and signing of Economic Cooperation
Framework Agreement (ECFA) between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. You said during your online chat with internet users before the two sessions this year that given the different sizes of the economy of the two sides and taking into account the interests of small and medium-sized businesses and farmers in Taiwan, the mainland would be prepared to let people in Taiwan benefit more from ECFA. I wonder if you can elaborate on what you mean by letting Taiwan benefit more from ECFA. Do you think ECFA can be signed in June this year? Last year at the press conference you made some heart-warming remarks, saying that you wanted very much to visit Taiwan one day. I wonder if the signing of ECFA will help foster more favorable conditions for you to make a trip to Taiwan.
温家宝：两岸正在商签的经济合作框架协议是一个综合性的、具有两岸特色的协议。商签这个协议应该把握好三个原则：
第一，平等协商；第二，互利双赢；第三，彼此照顾对方的关切。我确实讲过，在商签协议时要充分考虑两岸经济规模和市场条件的不同，关心台湾中小企业和广大基层民众的利益，特别要照顾台湾农民的利益。我也确实讲过，要让利给台湾。这种让利，比如关税减免可通过“早期收获”实现。另外，也要做出让台湾农民放心的事情。但是，我看到台湾的报纸，很大的篇幅报道温总理关于让利的论述。可是我在在线访谈时讲了两句话，后面还有一句话“因为我们是兄弟”，这句话就鲜有报道。我知道商签协议是一个复杂的过程，但是正因为我们是兄弟，“兄弟虽有小忿，不废懿亲”，问题总是可以解决的。
Premier: The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits is a
comprehensive document that reflects the characteristics of both sides of the Straits. In negotiating such an agreement, it is important to abide by the following three principles: first, equal consultations; second, mutual benefit and win-win progress; and third, accommodation of each other's concerns.
I did say that in negotiating such an agreement, full consideration will be given to the different sizes of the economy
and market conditions of the two sides of the Straits. We will care for the interests of small and medium-sized businesses and ordinary people in Taiwan. In particular, we will accommodate the interests of farmers in Taiwan.
I also said that we will let the people in Taiwan benefit more from ECFA. For example, there can be tariff concessions
through the \been a lot of coverage about my remarks on letting Taiwan benefit more from ECFA in the news media of Taiwan. But I have seen little coverage of the following remarks that I made in my online discussion, that is, \
I understand the negotiations may be a complex process. But as the saying goes, \
cannot sever their blood ties\
我去台湾的愿望依旧是那么强烈，因为我认为中华民族5000年的文化，具有强大的震撼力和凝聚力，不要因为50年的
政治而丢掉5000年的文化。我讲一个故事你可以告诉台湾同胞。在元朝有一位画家叫黄公望，他画了一幅著名的《富春山居图》，79岁才开始创作的，完成之后不久就去世了。几百年来，这幅画辗转流传，但我知道，现在一半放在杭州博物馆，一半放在台北故宫博物院，我希望两半幅画什么时候能合成一整幅画。画是如此，人何以堪。谢谢你，向台湾同胞问好。