大连理工大学课程设计专用纸（送cad图加qq 1771924625）
目录
1. 前言 ····················································································································································· - 2 - 2. 塑件分析 ·············································································································································· - 3 -
2.1 塑件材料选择 ····························································································································· - 4 - 2.2 塑件形状 ···································································································································· - 4 - 2.3 制品质量 ···································································································································· - 4 - 2.4 尺寸精度 ···································································································································· - 4 - 2.5 表面粗糙度································································································································· - 5 -
2.5.1 制品表面粗糙度的选择 ··································································································· - 5 -
3. 注塑成型工艺条件 ······························································································································· - 5 -
3.1 注塑成型工艺简介 ····················································································································· - 5 - 3.2 注塑成型工艺条件 ····················································································································· - 6 - 4. 拟定模具结构形式 ······························································································································· - 6 -
4.1 分型面位置的确定 ····················································································································· - 7 - 4.2 型腔数量的确定 ························································································································· - 7 - 4.3 模架的选择································································································································· - 8 - 5. 注塑机的选择及校核 ··························································································································· - 8 -
5.1 选择注塑机································································································································· - 8 -
5.1.1 由公称注射量选定注射机 ······························································································· - 8 - 5.1.2 由锁模力选定注射机 ······································································································· - 8 - 5.2 注塑机的校核 ····························································································································· - 9 -
5.2.1 最大注塑量的校核 ··········································································································· - 9 - 5.2.2 锁模力的校核 ·················································································································· - 9 - 5.2.3 塑化能力的校核 ············································································································ - 10 -
6. 浇注系统的设计 ································································································································ - 10 -
6.1 主流道 ······································································································································ - 11 - 6.2浇口 ··········································································································································· - 11 - 7. 成型零件的工作尺寸计算 ················································································································· - 12 -
7.1成型零件工作尺寸的计算 ········································································································· - 12 -
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大连理工大学课程设计专用纸（送cad图加qq 1771924625）
7.1.1 凹模的工作尺寸计算 ····································································································· - 13 - 7.1.2 型芯的工作尺寸计算 ····································································································· - 14 - 7.2型腔壁厚、支撑板厚度的确定 ································································································· - 15 - 8. 脱模推出机构的设计 ························································································································· - 17 -
8.1 在设计脱模推出机构是应遵循下列原则。 ············································································· - 17 - 8.2 脱模力的计算 ··························································································································· - 17 - 8.3 设计塑件的推出机构 ··············································································································· - 17 - 9. 侧向分型与抽芯机构设计 ················································································································· - 18 -
9.1抽拔距 ······································································································································· - 18 - 9.2 斜导柱倾角： ··························································································································· - 19 - 9.3斜导柱的工作长度 ···················································································································· - 19 - 9.4斜导柱抽芯机构的设计 ············································································································ - 19 - 10. 排气系统设计 ·································································································································· - 20 - 11. 温度调节系统设计 ··························································································································· - 21 -
11.1对温度调节系统的要求 ··········································································································· - 21 - 11.2冷却系统设计： ······················································································································ - 21 -
11.2.1 设计原则 ······················································································································ - 21 - 11.2.2 冷却时间的确定 ··········································································································· - 21 - 11.2.3 塑料熔体释放的热量 ··································································································· - 22 - 11.2.4 高温喷嘴向模具的接触传热 ························································································ - 22 - 11.2.5 注射模通过自然冷却传导走的热量 ············································································ - 23 - 11.2.6 冷却系统的计算 ··········································································································· - 24 -
12. 导向与定位机构······························································································································· - 25 -
12.1 导柱导向定位机构 ················································································································· - 25 - 13. 模具开合模动作过程 ······················································································································· - 26 -
13.1 开模过程 ································································································································ - 26 - 13.2 合模过程 ································································································································ - 26 - 14. 总结 ·················································································································································· - 27 - 15. 参考文献 ·········································································································································· - 28 -
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大连理工大学课程设计专用纸（送cad图加qq 1771924625）
1. 前言
1.1 模具工业在国民经济中的重要地位
模具是工业生产的基础工艺装备。振兴和发展我国的模具工业，日益受到人们的重视和关注。在电子、汽车、电机、电器、仪器、仪表、家电和通讯等产品中，60～80%的零部件，都要依靠模具成形。用模具生产制件所表现出来的高精度、高复杂程度、高一致性、高生产率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比拟的。模具又是“效益放大器”，用模具生产的最终产品的价值，往往是模具自身价值的几十倍、上百倍。模具生产技术水平的高低，已成为衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志，在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益和新产品的开发能力。
从以下四个方面，可以看出模具工业在国民经济中的重要地位与作用。
第一，模具工业是高新技术产业的一个组成部分。属于高新技术领域的集成电路的设计与制造，不能没有做引线框架的精密级进冲模和精密的集成电路塑封模；计算机的机壳、接插件和许多元器件的制造，也必须有精密塑料模具和精密冲压模具；数字化电子产品的发展，没有精密模具也不行。不仅电子产品如此，在航天航空领域也离不开精密模具。例如：形状误差小于0.1～0.3μ的空空导弹红外线接收器的非球面反射镜，就必须用高精度的塑料模具成形。因此可以说，许多高精度模具本身就是高新技术产业的一部分。有些生产高精度模具的企业，已经被命名为“高新技术企业”。
第二，模具工业又是高新技术产业化的重要领域。用信息技术带动和提升模具工业的制造技术水平，是推动模具工业技术进步的关键环节。CAD／CAE／CAM技术在模具工业中的应用，快速原型制造技术的应用，使模具的设计制造技术发生了重大变革。模具的开发和制造水平的提高，还有赖于采用数控精密高效加工设备。逆向工程、并行工程、敏捷制造、虚拟技术等先进制造技术在模具工业中的应用，也要与电子信息等高新技术嫁接，实现高新技术产业化。
第三，模具工业是装备工业的一个组成部分。在1998年以前，许多人把机械工业当作一般的加工工业。1998年11月召开的中央经济工作会议，首次明确提出了加大装备工业的开发力度，推进关键设备的国产化。将机械工业作为装备工业，把它同一般的加工工业区别开来，是对机械工业在国民经济中的地位与作用的重新定位。模具作为基础工艺装备，在装备工业中自然有其重要地位。因为国民经济各产业部门需要的装备，其零部件有很大一部分是用模具做出来的。
第四，模具工业地位之重要，还在于国民经济的五大支柱产业——机械、电子、汽车、石化、建筑，都要求模具工业的发展与之相适应。机械、电子、汽车工业需要大量的模具，特别是轿车大型覆盖件模具、电子产品的精密塑料模具和冲压模具，目前在质与量上都远不能满足这些支柱产业发展的需要。这几年，我国每年要进口近10亿美元的模具。我国
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大连理工大学课程设计专用纸（送cad图加qq 1771924625）
石化工业一年生产500多万吨聚乙烯、聚丙烯和其他合成树脂，很大一部分需要塑料模具成形，做成制品，才能用于生产和生活的消费。生产建筑业用的地砖、墙砖和卫生洁具，需要大量的陶瓷模具;生产塑料管件和塑钢门窗，也需要大量的塑料模具成形。从五大支柱产业对模具的需求当中，也可以看到模具工业地位之重要。
1.2 我国模具工业的发展现状
20世纪80年代以来，国民经济的高速发展对模具工业提出了越来越高的要求，同时为模具的发展提供了巨大的动力。目前，中国有17000多个模具生产厂点，从业人数约50多万。许多模具企业十分重视技术发展。加大了用于技术进步的投入力度，将技术进步作为企业发展的重要动力。此外，许多研究机构和大专院校也开展了模具技术的研究与开发。 中国塑料模工业从起步到现在，历经半个多世纪，有了很大发展，模具水平有了较大提高。在大型模具方面已能生产48in（约122cm）大屏幕彩电塑壳注射模具、6.5kg大容量洗衣机全套塑料模具以及汽车保险杠和整体仪表板等塑料模具，精密塑料模具方面，已能生产照相机塑料件模具、多型腔小模数齿轮模具及塑封模具。经过多年的努力，在模具CAD/ CAE/CAM技术、模具的电加工和数控加工技术、快速成型与快速制模技术、新型模具材料[1]等方面取得了显著进步；在提高模具质量和缩短模具设计制造周期等方面作出了贡献。
1.3 我国模具技术发展的趋势
随着电子、信息等高新技术的不断发展，我国模具技术的发展呈现以下趋势。 (1) 模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化方向发展 (2) 模具制造向精密、高效、复合和多功能方向发展 (3) 快速经济制模技术得到应用 (4)特种加工技术有了进一步的发展 (5)模具自动加工系统的研制和发展 (6)模具材料及表面处理技术发展迅速
(7)模具工业新工艺、新理念和新模式逐步得到了认同
另一方面，随着先进制造技术的不断发展和模具行业整体水平的提高，在模具行业出现 了一些新的设计、生产、管理理念与模式。主要有：适应模具单件生产特点的柔性制造技术；创造最佳管理和效益的精益生产；提高快速应变能力的并行工程、虚拟制造及全球敏捷制造、网络制造等新的生产模式；模具标准件的日渐广泛应用（模具标准化及模具标准件的应用将极大地影响模具制造周期，且还能提高模具的质量和降低模具制造成本）；广泛采用标准件、通用件的分工协作生产模式；适应可持续发展和环保要求的绿色设计与制造等。
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大连理工大学课程设计专用纸（送cad图加qq 1771924625）
2. 塑件分析
2.1 塑件材料选择
灭火器在工作过程中，会有大量高压气体从喷嘴中喷出，这就要求喷嘴材料要有比较好的耐高冲击性能。并且灭火器的喷嘴还会经常经受高温和低温，因此对材料的热变形温度和脆化温度有一定要求。综合考虑使用性能、加工性能、经济条件和原料情况，选择材料PP1340。
PP1340（嵌段共聚聚丙烯）在国内有大批量的生产，具有良好的成型性、力学性能、表面光泽度和低成本等优点，其性能如下表：
表1 PP1340性能
项目
断裂伸长率，% 拉伸强度，MPa 洛氏硬度， 密度，kg/m3 热变形温度，℃ 熔体流动速率，g/10min 维卡软化点，℃ 悬臂梁冲击强度，J/m
质量指标 500 23 85 910 105 1.2 150 50
试验方法 ASTMD638 ASTMD638 ASTMD785 ASTMD1505 ASTMD648 ASTMD1238 ASTMD1525 ASTMD256
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