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2. Peter Jennings 3. Newsweek
II. Rhetorical Devices: 1. metaphor 2. simile
III. Introduction to the Passage
1. Type of literature: a piece of exposition
2. The purpose of a piece of exposition: to inform of explain 3. Ways of developing the thesis of a piece of exposition:
--comparison, contrast, analogy, identification, illustration, analysis, definition, etc.
4. The central thought or thesis IV. Effective Writing Skills:
1. making effective use of specific verbs
2. using elliptical and short, simple sentences to achieve certain effect V. Special Difficulties
1. Paraphrasing some sentences 2. Some computer terms
VI. Questions
1. What will an interactive life of the future be like? Describe some of its possible features. 2. Why should a person step into the past to get an idea of what the future might bring?
3. How would Peter Jennings become obsolete?
4. What is called ―fake interactive‖?
5. Why would video telephony mean an end of anonymous phone calls?
Unit 9: Mark Twain----Mirror of America
I. Additional Background Knowledge
1. Mark Twain 2. Tramp printer
3. Confederate guerrilla
4. Philippine Moros II. Rhetorical Devices:
1. Antithesis 2. Alliteration 3. Personification
III. Special Difficulties
1. compound nouns and compound adjectives 2. Paraphrasing some sentences 3. Identifying figures of speech
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4. Translating some sentences
IV. Effective Writing Skills:
1. The requirements of writing a summary
2. Using many elliptical and short, simple sentences to achieve certain effect
V. Questions
1. Why is Mark Twain one of America’s best-loved authors?
2. Give a brief account of Mark Twain’s experience before he became a writer. 3. When did Mark Twain become a pilot on a steamboat?
4. What story did he write that made him known as ―the wild humorist of the Pacific slope‖?
Unit 10: The Trial That Rocked the World
I. Additional Background Knowledge
1. Henry Louis Mencken 2. William Jennings Bryan 3. United States Law
II. Effective Writing Skills:
1. making effective use of specific verbs 2. making effective use of description III. Rhetorical Devices: 1. hyperbole
2. transferred epithet 3. synecdoche 4. ridicule
IV. Specific Difficulties:
1. run-on sentences
2. unnecessary shifts in point of view 3. paraphrasing some sentences 4. identifying figures of speech
V. Questions
1. How much do you know about the author from this article?
2. What do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists?
3. Why was so much attention paid to this trial in an out-of-the-way small town in the U.S.? 4. Try to elaborate the views of Darrow and Malone and that of Bryan’s. 5. What have you learned about the Bible?
Unit 11：But What’s Dictionary For?
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I. Additional Background Knowledge
1. Abraham Lincoln
2. Civil Rights Movement 3. Leonard Bloomfield II. Effective Writing Skills:
1. making effective use of specific words 2. grasping the skill of outline writing III. Rhetorical Devices:
1. metonymy 2. synecdoche 3. sarcasm
4. alliteration
IV. Specific Difficulties
1. identifying figures of speech 2. translating some sentences
3. paraphrasing some sentences 4. outline requirements
V. Questions
1. What critical views did the popular press express on the publication of Webster’s Third New
International Dictionary 2. How much effort and money was spent on the making of this dictionary? 3. Why are new dictionaries needed?
4. What does the writer say about spelling and pronunciation? 5. Has the Third New International Dictionary any faults?
Unit 12: The Loons
I. Additional Background Knowledge 1. Margaret Laurence
2. Big Bear and Poundmaker 3. Hiawatha
II. Effective Writing Skills:
1. making effective use of specific adjective
2. using many elliptical and short sentences to achieve certain effect III. Rhetorical Devices:
1. simile 2. antithesis 3. assonance IV. Special Difficulties
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1. paraphrasing some sentences 2. dangling modifiers
3. illogical and faulty parallelism 4. translating some sentences
V. Questions
1. What would happen sometimes to old Jules or his son Lazarus on Saturday nights? 2. Why did the doctor propose taking Piquette to Diamond Lake for the summer? 3. What was the cottage on the lake called? What was the scenery there like?
4. Why did the narrator ask Piuetter respectfully. ―I bet you know a lot about the woods and all that.
Eh.‖?
Unit 13: Britannia Rues the Waves
I. Additional Background Knowledge 1. North Sea Oil 2. Container ship 3. Iron Curtain
II. Effective Writing Skills:
making effective use of specific adjectives III. Rhetorical Devices: 1. antithesis
2. oxymoron 3. simile 4. ridicule
IV. Special Difficulties
1. understanding some proper names 2. paraphrasing some sentences 3. identifying figures of speech
V. Questions
1. According to the author Britain is handicapped in her attempts to counter the challenges of the developing world and the Soviet Union at an international level. What are these handicaps or problems? Does this tell us anything about the capitalist world?
2. How are the British shipping companies trying to meet the challenge? Are they confident that
they can counter the challenge successfully?
3. Comment on the title of the article. What is the implied meaning?
Unit 14: Argentia Bay
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I. Additional Background Knowledge 1. Herman Wouk 2. Argentia Bay 3. Bismarck
II. Effective Writing Skills:
1. making effective use of specific verbs 2. grasping the skill of comment writing III. Rhetorical Devices:
1. sarcasm 2. synecdoche 3. alliteration
4. metonymy
IV. Special Difficulties
1. paraphrasing some sentences 2. translating some sentences
3. understanding some specific terms 4. the skill of comment writing
V. Questions
1. What was Hopkins’ estimate of the situation on the Eastern front? What did the Soviet Union
need most? What was Hopkins’ stand on the problem of assistance to the Soviet Union?
2. Why did Burne-Wilke invite Henry into his cabin? What was the request from the British? How was the request put to Henry?
3. What was Britain’s immediate need? Why did the author consider this need pathetic?
Unit 15 : No signposts in the Sea
I. Additional Background Knowledge 1. Pharisee 2. Olympus
II. Rhetorical Devices:
1. transferred epithet 2. personification 3. simile
III. Questions
1. What pleasure does Edmund Carr get by observing Laura without her knowing it? 2. Does Carr appreciate natural beauty? 3. Why does Carr like islands?
4. What kind of coastline does he like?
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