京华网校（www.51668196.com）做对学员最负责任的网校 个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Parkinson's Disease
I Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movements. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3 Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘). In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or lank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people have a decrease in mental skills.
4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.
23. Paragraph 1 __________. 24. Paragraph 2 __________. 25. Paragraph 3 __________. 26. Paragraph 4 __________. A. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease B. Tips for Patients with the Disease C. Common Treatment for the Disease
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京华网校（www.51668196.com）做对学员最负责任的网校 D. Definition of Parkinson's Disease E. Possible causes of the Disease
F. Typical Symptoms of the Disease
27. You'll find it hard to move the way you want to __________. 28. A lot of research is being done to find out __________.
29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor__________. 30. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease__________. A. what affects muscles all through your body B. if there isn't enough dopamine in your body C. which cannot be cured yet
D. which may be the first symptom you notice E. if you have a fixed or blank expression F. what causes Parkinson's disease
第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇
Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much
Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.
In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.
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京华网校（www.51668196.com）做对学员最负责任的网校 I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. \is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons.\
There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. \medicine and surgery are really team sports.\Dr. Russell continued,\and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker , is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. \
In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment.
\participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers pharmaceutical (制药的) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient.\
Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed , knowledge is power.
31. According to the author, patients should spend more time _________. A. researching the American College of Surgeons B. researching their surgery or surgeons C. researching new cars D. researching job changes
32. Nowadays patients seem to have _________. A. too much trust in their doctors
B. too much information about their doctors C. too little faith in their doctors
D. a healthy relationship with their doctors
33. Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which _________. A. patients and doctors play equally important roles B. the patient does not have an active role to play
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京华网校（www.51668196.com）做对学员最负责任的网校 C. doctors have the final say in almost everything D. the patient has the most important role to play
34. It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship _________. A. is dependent just on the doctor B. is a goal that can be achieved
C. entails any effort on the part of the patient D. is what the patient truly desires
35. The author does NOT believe in_________. A. lots of scientific data B. Francis Bacon C. blind trust
D. too much knowledge
第二篇
CT Scans and Lung Cancer
Small or slow-growing nodules (小结节) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday.
The findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) found.
Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.
The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.
High-tech (高技术的) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一团 ) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检), a dangerous procedure.
At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.
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京华网校（www.51668196.com）做对学员最负责任的网校 Good guideline could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Klaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.
The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules.
Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer，10 additional cases were found years later. But of the 7, 361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed. In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer. The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer, you probably don't, the researcher said. \chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were l in l,000 and 3 in l,000 respectively, \
36. The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules_________. A. you cannot be too careful B. cancer is just matter of time C. a biopsy is unnecessary D. more aggressive testing is a must
37. Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer? A. Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it. B. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. C. 159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year. D. It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.
38. According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening ________. A. are a little bit too costly B. do not exist yet C. are being implemented
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