a. (only before noun) relating to the sea and the creatures that live there海洋的；海产的；海生的
Sadly, our beaches are full of trash, the sea is polluted, and marine life is endangered.很不幸，我们的海滩上全是垃圾，海洋受到了污染，海洋生物 受到了威胁。
n．[C]a soldier who serves on a ship水兵； （英国／美国）海军陆战队士兵
From a letter in his pocket, an emergency room nurse learned that his son was a marine stationed in North Carolina.从他口袋里的一封信中，急诊室护士了解到，他儿子是驻扎在北卡罗来纳州的海军陡战队士兵。
17.extent: [sing., U] the degree to which sth. happens or is likely to happen程度；限度；范围
There is disagreernent about the extent of American influence in Europe. 关于美国对欧洲的影响程度人们说法不一。
18. to some extent: used to say that sth. is partly but not completely true在某种程度上
We all tend to rernernber to some extent the good times and forget the bad.我们都在一定程度上会记住美好的时光，而忘记痛苦的时刻。
19. come down to: if a complicated situation or problem comes down to sth., that is the single most important thing归结为
The decision whether or not we can go on a vacation to Europe comes down to money in the end; that is, how much money we can afford.我们能不能去欧洲
第16 页
度假的决定最终都归结到钱，即我们能拿出多少钱。
20. vice-: prefix used with the name of a senior job title for referring to the person holding a job immediately below that one表示“副”（用于高级职位的名称前，表示仅次于这个职位的职位）
The vice-president is now in control of the scbool since the president is ill at home.校长在管理学校，因为校长生病在家。
21. burst into: suddenly begin to make a sound, esp. to start slnging，crylng，or laughing突然迸发（尤指开始唱歌、哭、笑等）
Before Mary even finisbed telling the anecdote, I couldn‘t help but burst into laughter. 还没等玛丽说完她那个有趣的故事，我就忍不住爆发出大笑。 22. take exception to sth.: be angry or upset because of sth.因某事而生气（烦恼）
I take great exception to having such poor service here. 我对这儿糟糕的服务表示强烈不满。
23. infer: vt. form an opinion that sth. is probably true because of information that you have（根据资料）推断，推定
From the evidence which the police collected so far, we can infer that the victim knew her killer. 我们可以从警察至今收集的证据推断出被害人认识 凶手。 24. valid:a．
1) reasonable and generally accepted有根据的；令人信服的
Police officers must have a valid reason forstopping rnotorists.警察必须有正
第17 页
当的理由来拦截司机。
2) legally or officially acceptable有效的；正式认可的
Your return ticket is valid for three months.您的回程机票有效期为三个月。 25.offense:n．[U] (BrE offence) the act of offending or displeasing得罪；冒犯行为
The attorney said his client commited the offense because he was out of control over his emotions, so he pleaded insanity.律师说他的当事人因无法控制自己的情绪而做出冒犯行为，因此称其属于精神失常。 26. veil:
vt. hide sth. behind sth. else遮盖；掩饰
It was a gray morning with the drizzle beginning to veil the hills.这是一个灰蒙蒙的早晨，细雨开始笼罩山峦。
n. [C]a thin piece of material that women wear to cover their faces面纱 Sorne women wear veils for religious reasons toprevent strangers frorn seeing tbeir faces.有些妇女出于宗教原因戴面纱，不让陌生人看到她们的脸。 27.compose: vt.
1)(～oneself) make oneself calm after beingangry, upset，or nervous使自己镇静下来
Standing in front of the platforrn,sbe took a moment or two to compose herself and then walked a few steps toward her audience.站在舞台前，她用了片刻的时间让自己镇定下来，然后向前朝观众走了几步。
2) (be ~d of) be formed from a number of substances，parts，or people由?组
第18 页
成
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。 ★composed: a．calm and relaxed镇静的；镇定
To everyone's surprise, Tom came out fairly composed after a heated argument with his 出乎所有人的意料，汤姆与他的对手进行了激烈的争论后，出来时仍相当镇定自若。
28. headquarters:n．[pl.] the main building or offices used by a large company or organization总部；总公司；总办事处
The international investwient company, which has its headquarters in New York, has three branches in New York, one in Canada and five in Spain.总部设在纽约的那家国际投资公司在纽约有三家分公司，在加拿大有一家，在西班牙有五家。
29. identical:a．exactly the same, or very similar完全相同的；非常相似的
Physically, the two brothers were almost identical , but they were worlds apart in their approch to life. 两兄弟虽然长得非常像，但他们的生活方式却有天壤之别。
30. cooperative:a．willing to cooperate合作的
Ernployees who feel valued are more productive and cooperative.感到受重视的雇员工作效率会更高，合作精神会更强。 31. context:押．[C，Ul
1) the situation, events, or information that are related to sth. and that help you to understand it场合；周围情况；环境；背景
第19 页
Indeed. the local people's attitude toward the same policy varies over time and with a changing social context. 确实，当地人民对同一政策的态度随着时间和社会背景的变化而变化。
2) the words that come just before and after a word or sentence and that help you understand its meaning上下文；语境
You have to make full use of the clues given by the story‘s context, your common sense and knowledge of the world.你必须充分利用故事的上下文，以及你的常识和你对世界的了解。
32. vague:a．unclear because sb. does not give enough detailed information or does not say exactly what they mean含糊的；不明确的；不清楚的 The news tbey've released about the flood is vague and incornplete.他们发布的有关水灾的消息含糊且不完整。 ★vaguely: ad.
1) in a way that is not clear模模糊糊地；不明确地
Always I was taught that money was not the most important thing in life, so I will feel vaguely uncomfortable if there is too much of it on hand.
我总是被教导说，钱不是生活中最重要的东西，所以如果我手里有太多的钱，我会隐约地感到不舒服。 2) slightly稍微；有点
The interview made him look vaguely ridiculous.他在面试中表现得有点滑稽可笑。
II. While-reading Activities
第20 页