大学四级模拟1098
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled College
Students' sense of Responsibility. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 1．有的大学生有很强的责任意识，有的却连最基本的责任感都没有； 2．大学生肩负些哪责任；
3．大学阶段是大学生成长的重要阶段，呼吁大学生加强责任感。 这道题您没有回答 答案:[高分作文]
Our times witness a striking difference between two groups of college students: those who bear a strong sense of responsibility and those without even a slightest one.
Perhaps some are still wondering--what obligations are undergraduates supposed to take? Obviously, all adult citizens should be responsible for themselves, their families, their societies and their nations. We university students are no exception. Besides, we are expected to be responsible for the institution where we are being educated.
Years at college are the most important period in a person's growth, when we acquire knowledge and find our roles in life, so we must enhance our obligation sense at this crucial
moment in order to fulfill our duties well as individuals and members of our families, our schools, our society and our country. [评析]
本文开头段只用了一句话就说明了提纲中的差距：有的大学生有很强的责任意识，有的却连最基本的责任感都没有。其中动词witness的拟人法使用、短语a striking difference(显著的不同)、strong与slightest形成的强烈对比以及responsibility和one实虚词结合，都是亮点表达。而两类人的定语分别使用了定语从句who bear a strong sense of responsibility和介词短语without even a slightest one，体现了句型的变化多样。
第二段虽然不长，但是段首过渡句Perhaps some are still wondering-what obligations are undergraduates supposed to take?的使用，承上启下，十分自然地引出段落主题：大学生肩负哪些责任。随后给出四个答案：成年公民都应该承担自我责任、家庭责任、社会责任、国家责任。大学生也不例外。而为了突出大学生和一般成年公民的区别，还用Besides补充了“学校责任”。
尾段强调了大学时期在人生中的重要性，并呼吁为了很好地履行我们作为个人以及家庭、学校、社会、国家的成员的职责，我们要加强责任感的培养，呼应第二段。全文以主人公的形象论述，有说服力。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Communication Skills--Start Here !
Why you need to get your message across
Effective communication is all about conveying your messages to other people clearly and unambiguously. It's also about receiving information that others are sending to you, with as little distortion as possible.
Doing this involves effort from both the sender of the message and the receiver. And it's a process that can be fraught (充满) with error, with messages muddled by the sender, or
misinterpreted by the recipient. When this isn't detected, it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity. In fact, communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information as a result of the communication. By successfully getting your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively. When not successful, the thoughts and ideas that you actually send do not necessarily reflect what you think, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of your goals--both personally and professionally.
In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing
managers. The survey, conducted by the University of Pittsburgh's Katz Business School, points out that communication skills, including written and oral presentations, as well as an ability to work with others, are the main factor contributing to job success.
In spite of the increasing importance placed on communication skills, many individuals continue to struggle, unable to communicate their thoughts and ideas effectively--whether in verbal or written format. This inability makes it nearly impossible for them to compete effectively in the workplace, and stands in the way of career progression.
Being able to communicate effectively is therefore essential if you want to build a successful career. To do this, you must understand what your message is, what audience you are sending it to, and how it will be perceived. You must also weigh-in the circumstances surrounding your communications, such as situational and cultural context.
Communication Skills--The Importance of Removing Barriers
Problems with communication can pop-up at every stage of the communication process (which consists of the sender, encoding, the channel, decoding, the receiver, feedback and the context--see the diagram below). At each stage, there is the potential for misunderstanding and confusion.
To be an effective communicator and to get your point across without misunderstanding and confusion, your goal should be to lessen the frequency of problems at each stage of this process, with clear, concise, accurate, well-planned communications. We follow the process through
below:
Source...
As the source of the message, you need to be clear about why you're communicating, and what you want to communicate. You also need to be confident that the information you're communicating is useful and accurate.
Message...
The message is the information that you want to communicate.
Encoding...
This is the process of transferring the information you want to communicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the other end. Your success in encoding depends partly on your ability to convey information clearly and simply, but also on your ability to anticipate and eliminate sources of confusion (for example, cultural issues, mistaken assumptions, and missing information. )
A key part of this is knowing your audience: Failure to understand who you are communicating with will result in delivering messages that are misunderstood.
Channel...
Messages are conveyed through channels, with verbal channels including face-to-face
meetings, telephone and videoconferencing; and written channels including letters, emails, memos and reports.
Different channels have different strengths and weaknesses. For example, it's not
particularly effective to give a long list of directions verbally, while you'll quickly cause problems if you give someone negative feedback using email.
Decoding...
Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is successful decoding (involving, for example, taking the time to read a message carefully, or listen actively to it. ) Just as confusion can arise from errors in encoding, it can also arise from decoding errors. This is particularly the case if the decoder doesn't have enough knowledge to understand the message.
Receiver...
Your message is delivered to individual members of your audience. No doubt, you have in mind the actions or reactions you hope your message will get from this audience. Keep in mind, though, that each of these individuals enters into the communication process with ideas and
feelings that will undoubtedly influence their understanding of your message, and their response. To be a successful communicator, you should consider these before delivering your message, and act appropriately.
Feedback...
Your audience will provide you with feedback, as verbal and nonverbal reactions to your communicated message. Pay close attention to this feedback, as it is the only thing that can give you confidence that your audience has understood your message. If you find that there has been a misunderstanding, at least you have the opportunity to send the message a second time.
Context...
The situation in which your message is delivered is the context. This may include the
surrounding environment or broader culture (corporate culture, international cultures, and so on ). Removing Barriers at All These Stages
To deliver your messages effectively, you must commit to breaking down the barriers that exist
within each of these stages of the communication process. Let's begin with the message itself. If your message is too lengthy, disorganized, or contains errors, you can expect the message to be misunderstood and misinterpreted. Use of poor verbal and body language can also confuse the message.
Barriers in context tend to stem from senders offering too much information too fast. When in doubt here, less is oftentimes more. It is best to be mindful of the demands on other people's time, especially in today's ultra-busy society.
Once you understand this, you need to work to understand your audience's culture, malting sure you can converse and deliver your message to people of different backgrounds and cultures within your own organization, in your country and even abroad.
2. What is one of the findings of the survey' conducted by Katz Business School?
? A) Superiors tend to be better communicators than their inferiors. ? B) Poor communication skills can cause a loss of confidence. ? C) Communication skills are crucial to one's professional success. ? D) Modern businesses are in great need of efficient managers. 这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:C
[定位] 根据题干中的Katz Business School查找到第一个次标题下第三段尾句。
[解析] 原文的main factor contributing to job success对应选项C中的crucial to one's professional success.
3. The author tells us that to communicate effectively, we must understand ______.
? A) our audience and the situation we are in ? B) the target language and facial expressions ? C) both sign languages and verbal languages ? D) the most direct way to deliver a message 这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:A
[定位] 根据题干中的communicate effectively, must understand查找到第一个次标题下尾段。 [解析] 尾句中提到了3个因素：message, audience和circumstances，A中涉及这些因素。 4. How can people get across their points without misunderstanding and confusion?
? A) By using the simplest words and sentence structures in communication. ? B) By reducing the frequency of problems in the communicating process. ? C) By making vivid comparisons and giving as many examples as possible. ? D) By providing the listeners as much background information as possible. 这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:B
[定位] 根据题干中的get across their points without misunderstanding and confusion查找到第二个次标题下第二段。
[解析] 选项B中的reducing对应原文的lessen, in the communicating process对应at each stage of this process。
5. The source of a message should make sure that the provided information is ______.
? A) abundant ? B) timely ? C) first-hand
? D) errorless
这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:D
[定位] 根据题干中的source, information查找到第一个三级标题Source下第二句。 [解析] D中的errorless是原文accurate的同义词。
6. Encoding is the process of a form that can be correctly decoded by the receiver.
? A) converting information into ? B) transmitting signals in ? C) classifying messages into ? D) digitalizing information in 这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:A
[定位] 根据题干中的Encoding, a form that can be correctly decoded查找到第三个三级标题Encoding下首句。
[解析] 选项A中的convening是原文中transferring的同义词。
7. In which of the following ways will one most probably cause trouble?
? A) Making faces in telephone conferences. ? B) Giving negative replies in email. ? C) Talking for a long time face to face. ? D) Writing a memo in a formal way. 这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:B
[定位] 根据题干中的ways, cause trouble查找到第四个三级标题Channel下第二段尾句。 [解析] B基本上是原词的再现。replies为原文feedback的近义词。
8. The reactions of receivers to a message may vary owing to ______.
? A) their different abilities to encode ? B) their different communication skills ? C) their different ideas and feelings ? D) their different relationships 这道题您没有回答 【回答错误】 答案:C
[定位] 根据题干中的reactions of receivers, vary查找到第六个三级标题Receiver下第二句和第三句。
[解析] C中的名词ideas and feelings为原文原词。
9. Effective communication means not only ______ other people clearly but also receiving information as accurately as possible. 这道题您没有回答
答案:conveying your messages to
[定位] 根据题干中的Effective communication, receiving information确定此题信息源为文章首句。
[解析] 题干中的means对应原文的is，可以将后面的原文原词作为答案。 10. Pay close attention to your audience's feedback so as to ______ when necessary. 这道题您没有回答
答案:send the message a second time