【试题答案】
一.
1. 令y?f(x)?x2?4x?4?(x?2)2 ?x?2?y?x?反函数为y?2?y?2,选x,
B
2. 应选C。例:y?x在x?0处取得极小值,但该函数在? 3. 直线显然过(0,0,0)点,方向向量为l??0,4,?3?,
?,x轴的正向方向向量为v?1,0,0????l?v?1?0?4?0?(?3)?0?0?l?v,故直线与x轴垂x?0处不可导,而f'(0)不存在
??直,故应选A。
? 4.
??an?0nn0nxn在点x?2处收敛,推得对?x0?(?2,2),
??n0?an?0x绝对收敛,特别对x0??1有?anxn?0??an?0n(?1)n绝对收敛,故应选A。
5. r2?3r?2?0特征根为r1??1,r2??2,由此可见???1(?e?x?e(?1)x?e?x)是特征根,于是可设
?x?xy*?xAe?Axe,应选C。
二. 6.
limx???x?x?1?xxx33/2?x???(1?lim1x2?1x3?1x1/2)?1
7. y'?e(1?x)?e(1?x)'(1?x)(n?1)2x222?(1?x?2x)e(1?x)xx2x22?(x?1)e(1?x)x22x22
8. 解:FF(n)(x)?(F(n?1)2(n?2)(x))'?(?x2edt)'?2xext?e
x(x)?(Fx2(x))'?(2xex?e)' ?2e?4xex22x?e?e?
2?4xe2 9. 解
?e2?2edxx2xe1x1?lnxx1?x?yy1?x?y(1,1)?d(1?lnx)1?lnx1?21?lnxe12
?23?2?2(3?1) 10.
?z?x??22,
?13dx?13dy
?z?y22?dz(1,1) (?dz??z?x(1,1)dx??z?y(1,y)dy)
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11. 平面的法向量为n?a?b?12????i?j2?1?k???1?3i?j?5k 1 平面的方程为3(x?1)?(y?1)?5(z?1)?0即3x?y?5z?1?0
12. 解:p(x)?3,q(x)?e2x
?p(x)dxp(x)dx 通解为y?e?(?q(x)e?dx?c) ?3dx3dx ?e?(?e2xe?dx?c)
?e ?e ?15?3x(?edx?c) 15x(e?c) 5?ce?3x5x?3xe2x
2n 13. 解:令un(x)?
limn??(x?1)9n,un?1(x)?2n?2(x?1)92n?2n?1
2un?1(x)un(x)2?limn??(x?1)9n?1?9n2n(x?1)?(x?1)9
由
(x?1)9?1解得,?2?x?4,于是收敛区间是
(?2,4)
14.
?a?1?1?2222?6,
?a1?1?2??0a???i?j?k
a666 15. 解:积分区域如图所示:D:y?x?于是 I?1xx2y,0?y?1,
?0dx?f(x,y)dy??dy?01yyf(x,y)dx
(1,1) x 1
三. 16. 解: ??x?(arctanx)1?xx222dx
2?1?xdx??(arctanx)1?x2dx
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2 ? ??2121d(1?x)1?x2?x)nd(arctax)n ?(arcta1(arctax)n?c
?f'(1)
32ln1(?x)?2 17. 解: ?e?1xlimh?03f(1?h)?f(1)h2(2x)3x?1?2e?1
32 18. 解:y'? ?3x(3?x)?x(3?x)'(3?x)x(9?x)(3?x)22222222
当?3?x?3时,函数单调增加;当x??3或x?3y'?0,
时,y'?0,函数单调减少,故函数的单调递减区间为(??,?3)?(3,??),单调递增区间为(?3,3)
19. 解:方程两边对x求导(注意y?y(x)是x的函数): y'x2?2xy? 解得 y'?1?y?y'?0
22xy1?y2?x2
dx
?dy?y'dx? 20. 解:设A?积分得 A?e2xy1?y2?x2?e1f(x)dx,则f(x)?lnx?A,两边求定
e?1f(x)dx??(lnx?1A)dx
e1 ?(xlnx?x?Ax) 解得:A?1e??Ae?A?1
,于是
1e f(x)?lnx?
? 21. 解:(1)先判别级数?n?1(?1)2n??n?n?n?11n?n2的收
敛性 令un??1n?n?2?11(n?1)2?1n?1?vn
??vn?n?1?n?1发散
n?1?? ??un?n?1?n?11n?n2发散
(2)由于所给级数是交错级数且
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<1>un?1n?n2?1(n?1)?(n?1)2?un?1
<2>limun?0 n?? 由莱布尼兹判别法知,原级数收敛,且是条件收敛。
?z23 22. 解:?2xsiny?y
?x
?z?x?y2???y?x(?z)???y(2xsiny?y)
23 ?4xycosy2?3y2
23. 先求方程y''?3y'?2y?0的通解:
特征方程为 r2?3r?2?0,特征根为r1??1,r2??2,于是齐次方程通解为 y?c1e?x?c2e?2x……(1)
方程中的f(x)?xex?xe?x,其中??1不是特征根,可令
y*?(ax?b)ex
则y*'?(ax?a?b)ex,y*''?(ax?2a?b)ex 代入原方程并整理得
(6ax?5a?6b)ex?xex?6a?1, 5a?6b?0?a? y*?(16x?536x16,b??536
)e……(2)
?x 所求通解为 y?y?y*?c1e 24. 解:f'(x)?(arctan2x)'???c2e?2x?(?16x?5362)e
nx21?4x2n2?2?(?4x)
n?0 ? f(x)?f(0)???n?0(?1)2n2n?1x(??12?x?n12)
2n?x0f'(t)dt??[?(?1)0n?0x22n?1x]dx
??(?1)n?0n22n?1?x?0x2ndx??(?1)n?0nn22n?12n?1x2n?1x2n?1
12? 即f(x)?arctan2x? 25. 解:因 f'(x)?2?n?0(?1)222n?12n?1d ?212?x?1x
ddx12xf(x)?f'(x)?2x由
2dxf(x)?得
2,从而f'(x)?12x
26. 解:把条件极值问题转化为一元函数的最值
9
z(x)?1?x?214?34?x
322 当x?0时,函数取到最大值 当x??32
时,函数取到最小值0
limx?? 27. 解:(1)?y?limx??x32(x?1)??
?曲线没有水平渐近线 (2)
x??1
limx??1y?limx??1x32(x?1)x22??,曲线有铅直渐近线
(3)
limx??limx??yx?limx??(x?1)(2?1?a ?x)
(y?ax)?33limx??x32(x?1) ?limx??x?x?2x?x(x?1)2??2?b
所以曲线有斜渐近线 y?x?2
28. 解:积分区域如图所示(阴影部分)
?2dxdyr ????d??dr
222014?x?y4?rD ???21?122114?r22d(4?r)
2)
2 ???4?r??(3? y x O
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