函数的图象和性质解题的能力. 解
:
(
Ⅰ
)
∵f(x)????1?cos??π?2?2x???????3cos2x?1?sin2x?3cos2x
?1?2sin??π??2x?3??.
又∵x?π??π?ππ2π??4,2??,∴6≤2x?3≤3,即2≤12n?is2??x?3π?3??≤∴f(x)max?3,f(x)min?2.
(Ⅱ)∵f(x)?m?2?f(x)?2?m?f(x)?2,x???ππ??4,2??, ∴m?f(x)max?2且m?f(x)min?2,
∴1?m?4,即m的取值范围是(1,4).
(湖南理16)
已知函数f(x)?cos2??x?π?12??,g(x)?1?1?2sin2x. (I)设x?x0是函数y?f(x)图象的一条对称轴,求g(x0)的值. (II)求函数h(x)?f(x)?g(x)的单调递增区间. 解:(I)由题设知f(x)?12[1?cos(2x?π6)]. 因为x?x?π0是函数y?f(x)图象的一条对称轴,所以2x06?kπ, 即2x0?kπ? π6(k?Z). 所以g(x10)?1?2sin2x1π0?1?2sin(kπ?6). ,
当k为偶数时,g(x0)?1?当k为奇数时,g(x0)?1?(II)h(x)?f(x)?g(x)?1?π?13sin????1??, 2?6?441π15sin?1??. 26441?π??1?1?cos2x??1?sin2x ???2?62?????31??π??31?31??cos?2x???sin2x????cos2x?sin2x??
??2??6?2222???21?π?3?sin?2x???. 2?3?2当2kπ?时, 函数h(x)?πππ5ππ≤2x?≤2kπ?,即kπ?≤x≤kπ?(k?Z)23212121?π?3sin?2x???是增函数, 2?3?2??5ππ?. ,kπ??(k?Z)
1212?故函数h(x)的单调递增区间是?kπ?(湖南文16)
已知函数f(x)?1?2sin?x?2??π?π?π????2sinx?cosx??????.求: 8?8?8???(I)函数f(x)的最小正周期; (II)函数f(x)的单调增区间. 解:f(x)?cos(2x?)?sin(2x?)
π4π4?2sin(2x?πππ?)?2sin(2x?)?2cos2x. 4422π?π; 2(I)函数f(x)的最小正周期是T?(II)当2kπ?π≤2x≤2kπ,即kπ?π≤x≤kπ(k?Z)时,函数2f(x)?2cos2x是增函数,故函数f(x)的单调递增区间是
π[kπ?,kπ](k?Z).
2
(江西理18)
0?≤)的图象与y如图,函数y?2cos(?x??)(x?R,≤轴交于点(0,3),且在该点处切线的斜率为?2. (1)求?和?的值;
(2)已知点A?,0?,点P是该函数图象上一点,点
π2y 3 O A P ?π?2??x Q(x0,y0)是PA的中点,当y0?3?π?,x0??,π?时,求2?2?x0的值.
解:(1)将x?0,y?3代入函数y?2cos(?x??)得cos??因为0≤?≤3, 2??,所以??. 26又因为y???2?sin(?x??),y?因此y?2cos?2x???x?0??2,
?,所以??2, 6?????. 6???3, 2(2)因为点A?,0?,Q(x0,y0)是PA的中点,y0?所以点P的坐标为?2x0????2????,3?. 2?又因为点P在y?2cos?2x?因为
????5??3?的图象上,所以. cos4x????0?6?62???7?5?19?≤x0≤?,所以≤4x0?≤, 26665?11?5?13???或4x0?. 6666从而得4x0?即x0?
2?3?或x0?. 34(全国卷1理17)
,C的对边分别为a,b,c,设锐角三角形ABC的内角A,Ba?2bsinA.
(Ⅰ)求B的大小;
(Ⅱ)求cosA?sinC的取值范围.
解:(Ⅰ)由a?2bsinA,根据正弦定理得sinA?2sinBsinA,所以
sinB?1, 2π. 6由△ABC为锐角三角形得B?(Ⅱ)cosA?sinC?cosA?sin????????A? ??????cosA?sin??A?
?6?13?cosA?cosA?sinA
22????3sin?A??.
3??由△ABC为锐角三角形知,
???????A??B,?B???. 2222632????A??, 336所以
1???3. sin?A???2?3?23??3??3sin?A????3, 23?2?由此有
?33?cosA?sinC所以,的取值范围为???2,?. 2??
(全国卷2理17)
在△ABC中,已知内角A??,边BC?23.设内角B?x,周长为y. ?(1)求函数y?f(x)的解析式和定义域; (2)求y的最大值.
解:(1)△ABC的内角和A?B?C??,由A??,B?0,C?0得?0?B?
2?. ?应用正弦定理,知
AC?BC23sinB?sinx?4sinx,
?sinAsin?
AB?BC?2??sinC?4sin??x?. sinA???因为y?AB?BC?AC, 所以y?4sinx?4sin?2???2????x??23?0?x??,
3?????