insurance industry. Orderly progress was made in reforming the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, and the trials of settling cross-border trade accounts in RMB were constantly expanded. Positive progress was made in the reform to tum state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into stockholding corporations and the reform of the system for managing and overseeing state assets. We accelerated reform of the postal system. A series of policies were formulated and implemented to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage nongovernmental investment, the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy constantly improved, and economic entities under diverse forms of ownership developed side by side.
不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%，结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降，2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快，累计对外直接投资2200亿美元，对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设，多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整，增加了就业，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，大大提高了我国的国际地位。
The breadth and depth of our openness to the outside world constantly increased. Total import and export volume grew by an average annual rate of 15.9%, and the structure of imports and exports constantly improved. Our trade surplus decreased for two consecutive years, and the year-on-year decrease was 6.4% in 2010. The utilization of foreign capital fUrther improved. The pace of enterprises \billion and the total volume of contracts to build foreign projects and provide overseas labor services reached $335.2 billion. We energetically participated in the reform of global economic governance and the development of mechanisms for regional cooperation, and our multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation continued to deepen. The scale of our foreign aid continued to grow. Opening to the outside world strongly stimulated economic development and restructuring, increased employment, attracted advanced technology and managerial expertise, and greatly improved China's international standing.
（五）加快发展社会事业，切实保障和改善民生。始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调，围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务，促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业，做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法，普遍提高最低工资标准，推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展，城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹，实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法，连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平，年均增长10%，新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度，惠及4.32亿城镇职工和城镇居民、8.35亿农村居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖，城乡社会救助体系基本建立，社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元，比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造，使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒，努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。
5. Accelerating the development of social undertakings and genuinely ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing
We constantly worked to keep economic development in line with social development, and plan development with a view to improving the wellbeing of the people. We gave high priority to employment in economic and social development. We improved vocational training and
employment services; helped college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs to find employment; and helped ex-soldiers find jobs and settle down. We implemented the Labor Contract Law and the Law on Promoting Employment, raised minimum wages, and promoted harmonious labor relations. We achieved breakthroughs in the development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents; basic pension insurance for urban workers was put under unified planning at the provincial level; a method was devised to transfer pension insurance coverage for workers moving to other provinces; and there was an average 10% increase per year over the last seven years in the basic pension for enterprise retirees. In addition, the trial of a new type of pension insurance for rural residents has been extended to 24% of all counties. We actively yet prudently carried out the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system, which benefit 432 million working and non-working urban residents and 835 million rmal residents. We achieved complete coverage of the subsistence allowance system; basically put in place an mban-rmal government assistance program; and made continued progress in programs related to social welfare, preferential treatment and arrangements for entitled groups, charities, and people who are physically or mentally handicapped. Moreover, the national social security fund now stands at 781 billion yuan, over 580 billion yuan more than five years ago. We devoted great efforts to constructing low-income housing and redeveloping run-down areas, and as a result, 11 million poor households were able to move into new homes. We worked tirelessly to ensme everyone has access to old-age care, medical treatment, and housing. 制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元，年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育，所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度，财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元，覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中，共资助学生2130万名，还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，中央财政科技投入6197亿元，年均增长22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金，改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院，建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快，文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播电视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进，“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理，社会保持和谐稳定。
We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development. Government spending on education nationwide totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, and grew at an average annual rate of 22.4%. We made urban and rmal compulsory education free so that all children of school age can receive an education at no cost. We fully implemented the system that links the salaries of teachers in compulsory education to their performance. Secondary vocational education was made free for students from poverty-stricken rmal households and low-income urban households and students whose majors are related to agricuItme. We accelerated the implementation of the government financial aid system for
students, and government investment increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 2006 to 30.6 billion yuan in 2010. The system was expanded from institutions of higher learning to secondary vocational schools and regular senior secondary schools, and has helped fund the education of 21.3 million students and provided living expenses for over 12 million students living on campus while receiving compulsory education. We accelerated the renovation of dilapidated primary and secondary school buildings in rural areas and the development of vocational education infrastructure. We improved the overall quality of higher education, and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development. The central government allocated 619.7 billion yuan for science and technology, an average annual increase of 22.7%, which resulted in a series of major achievements. Great efforts were made to improve the services provided by community-based medical and health care facilities. A special fund was included in the state budget to renovate or build 23,000 town and township hospitals, 1,500 county hospitals, 500 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and 1,000 county maternity and childcare hospitals, as well as to build 2,400 community health service centers. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Human Resource Development. We smoothly attained population planning objectives. Important progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system. Development of the system of public cultural services noticeably accelerated, and the culture industry developed vigorously. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, and literature and art all flourished and advanced. The construction of urban and rural public sports and exercise facilities was accelerated, and the national fitness program has taken root. We comprehensively improved the legal system and smoothly implemented the fifth five-year plan to educate the public about the law. We made innovations in and strengthened the administration of society and maintained social harmony and stability.
抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利，汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成，玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼，中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强，中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。 We won major victories in the fight against the Wenchuan earthquake and other natural disasters. The post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction work in Wenchuan was basically completed in two years instead of the scheduled three, and recovery and reconstruction work following the strong Yushu earthquake and major mudslide in Zhugqu is proceeding in an orderly manner. Passing these severe tests made the Chinese people more mature, more confident and stronger, and the great, indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation is invincible.
五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。
We constantly deepened reform of the administrative system. We accelerated the transformation of government functions, completed a new round of reforms of government agencies, intensively carried out administration in accordance with the law, developed law-based government, made the government more service-oriented, made government affairs more open, improved the administrative accountability system, tirelessly combated corruption, and made positive progress in government capacity building.
过去五年，我们是一步一个脚印走过来的，中国人民有理由为此感到自豪！五年的成绩来之
不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！
We worked steadily and made solid progress, and the Chinese people have every reason to take pride in this. Our achievements did not come easily. They were made thanks to the broad vision and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary and the concerted efforts of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups, all democratic parties and mass organizations, and people from all walks of life. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to om compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and overseas Chinese. Finally, my sincere thanks go to the governments of other countries, international organizations and friends from around the world who care for and support China's modernization.
我们清醒地认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决，主要是：优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力，加快解决这些问题，让人民满意。
We are keenly aware that we still have a serious problem in that our development is not yet well balanced, coordinated or sustainable. This manifests itself mainly in the following: growing resomce and environmental constraints hindering economic growth, imbalance between investment and consumption, large income gap, insufficient scientific and technological innovation capabilities, an irrational industrial structme, continued weakness in the agricultural foundation, uneven development between mban and rural areas and between regions, the coexistence of overall pressure to expand employment and structural shortage of qualified personnel in some industries, defects in systems mechanisms that hinder scientific development, and our failure to meet targets set in the Eleventh Plan - the value-added of the service sector, its share in total employment, and spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP. Moreover, we have not yet fundamentally solved a number of issues that the masses feel strongly about, namely the lack of high-quality educational and medical resources, and their uneven distribution; increasing upward pressure on prices, exorbitant housing price increases in some cities; increasing social problems resulting from illegal land expropriations and housing demolitions; significant problems concerning food safety; and rampant corruption in some areas. We must therefore have a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people and work tirelessly and painstakingly to solve these problems more quickly to the satisfaction ofthe people.
回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作，我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。 Looking back at the government's work during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we have deepened our understanding and awareness in. several areas.
一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战，靠的是发展；各领域取得的一切成就和进步，靠的是发展；解决前进道路上的困难和问题，仍然要靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持科学发展。要以人为本，把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点，坚定不移走共同富裕道路，使发展成果惠及全体人民；坚持统筹兼顾，促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展；加快转变经济发展方式，大力推进自主创新，节约资源和保护环境，使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调，提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。
First, we must steadfastly undertake scientific development.
We have relied on development to overcome all types of severe challenges, and all our achievements and progress in every area come from development. We must therefore continue to rely on development to resolve the difficulties and problems on the road ahead. China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, so we must continue to take economic development as our central task and pursue scientific development. We need to put people first, make ensuring and improving their wellbeing the starting point and goal of all our work, unwaveringly work for prosperity for all and ensure that everyone shares in the fiuit~fof development. We need to steadfastly take all factors into consideration, and coordinate urban and rural development, regional development, and economic and social development. We need to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development; strongly promote innovation; conserve resources and protect the environment; ensure that economic and social development is coordinated with our population, resources and environment; and make development more comprehensive, balanced and sustainable.
二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制，有效的宏观调控，都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多一些还是政府作用多一些，必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中，我们加强和改善宏观调控，及时纠正市场扭曲，弥补市场失灵，防止经济出现大的起落，实践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，激发经济的内在活力，同时，科学运用宏观调控手段，促进经济长期平稳较快发展。
Second, we must continue to closely integrate government control with market forces.
Sound market forces and effective macro-control are both indispensable parts of the socialist market economy. We must be guided by realities in deciding when market forces are to play the greater role and when government control is to play the greater role. In responding to the impact of the global financial crisis, we tightened and improved macro-control, quickly corrected market distortions, remedied market failures and prevented serious economic fluctuations. All the measures we took have proven to be entirely correct. We must constantly improve the socialist market economy, and make full use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources to stimulate the internal vitality of the economy while using macro-control tools scientifically to promote long-term, steady and rapid economic development.
三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下，我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密，互动和依存不断增强。必须树立世界眼光，加强战略思维，善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇，稳妥应对风险挑战，利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，统筹处理好国内发展与对外开放关系，真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。
Third, we must consider the overall domestic and international situations.
As economic globalization intensifies and China's opening up constantly deepens, our economy is