?商务英语写作?考试题型介绍
?商务英语写作?考试所采用的题型包括：单项选择题、填空题、单句翻译题和撰写英文书信等。现分别举例说明：
1．单项选择题
这里所说的单项选择题实际上是一般所说的多项选择题，是国际上英语测试中最常见的一种题型。这种题型要求学生在给定的三或四个选择项中选出一个正确答案。通过这种题型既可测试学生对英语词汇掌握的广度和深度，也可测试学生对英语语法掌握的广度和深度。例如：
We agree to ccotinue business the terms stated in our Contract N0 46．
a．on, on b．as, as c．as, on d．on, as
正确答案是d．on, as.
[分析]本题的测试点是考查学生对介词多义性的掌握程度，以及对as + v-ed (过去分词)这种结构的运用。
题中on\按照，根据”；as+v-ed中as为连词，意为“如同”,也可释为“按照”。根据题意，只有d是正确答案。其余三个选择项都是错的: 选择项a中\有问题； 选择项b中\”有问题；选择项c中\”，“on the stated\都有问题。
[译文] “我们按第46号合同规定的条件续签商务协议”。
2. 填空题
这部分试题指的是单句填空。题中不设任何选择项，要求考生根据题意，用自己掌握的词汇进行填空，只要意思成立，无语言错误，符合英语规范就行。这部分试题的测试重点是介词，当然也包括一些常用的动词、副词、形容词和连词等。因此解答这类试题的关键是根据题意判断题中缺少的是哪一类词。如果是介词，还得确定与题中哪个词搭配：是一般搭配或是固定搭配，是构成短语动词或是构成成语；如果是动词，还是确定其形式：谓语形式或非谓语形式（不定式、分句或动名词）。然后，在此基础上，从自己掌握的词汇中选出合适的词填入空白处，完成句子的意思。特别要注意不能出语言错误。例如：
1. Please inform us ______ the shortest possible time ______ which you can effect delivery.
[正确答案] of, in
[考点] 短语动词inform sb. of sth。“通知某人某事”；in which引出定语从句。
[解题关键] 判别inform us后缺少固定搭配介词of；在which引出的定语从句中，which 指代的是time，所以which前面必须得有介词in，即in which，在定语从句中作时间状语。
[译文]“请告可能最短时间内的装运期。”
2. The drafts drawn ______________ compliance __________ the terms of the L/C shall be honoured ______ presentation and delivery of documents ______ specified.
[正确答案] in, with, on, as
[考点] 短语介词in compliance with“按照”；on presentation and delivery of “在提交?时”；as specified“按规定”。
[解题关键] 辨别题中的compliance是短语介词的主导词，前面缺少in，后面缺少with，介词短语in compliance with the terms of the L/C修饰前面的过去分词drawn；presentation and delivery前面缺少介词on“，on + （动）名词”通常表示时间；specified前面缺少as，as specified为习用语。
[译文]“按信用证条件开出的汇票按规定提交单据如期支付。”
3. We are already represented ______ Messrs Freeman & Brothers Co. Ltd., ______ the sale ______ this commodity ______ your district.
[正确答案] by, for, of, in
[考点] be represented by“由?代表，由?代理”；for the sale of “（为了）销售”；in your district“在你地区”。
[解题关键] 本题是被动句，介词短语 by Messrs Freeman & Brothers Co. Ltd用作“We are already represented”的行为主体；the sale前、后缺介词for, of；介词短语for the sale of this commodity表示目的，修饰represented；in your district修饰the sale。
[译文] “我公司委托Messrs Freeman & Brothers 有限公司作代理，在你地区销售该产品。”
4. We would appreciate your sending us a catalogue ______ your Rubber Boots ______ ______ terms ______ payment and the largest discount your could allow us.
[正确答案] of, together, with, of
[考点] a catalogue of your Rubber Boots；“橡胶长统靴目录”；together with 连词，“和，加之”；terms of“?的条件”
[解题关键] 本题的意思是：感谢寄送产品目录及付款和优惠条件。根据题意，判断出catalogue后跟介词短语of your Rubber Boots做后置定语；together with是短语介词，后跟terms；terms后跟介词短语of payment and the largest discount?作后置定语。
[译文]“若贵方能寄给我们橡胶长统靴目录及付款和能给的最优惠的折扣条件，我们将不胜
感谢。”
5. Owing ______ the delay ______ the part of the suppliers, we must ask you to extend the date of shipment ______ September 10th. ______ October 10th.
[正确答案] to, on, from, to
[考点] owing to“由于”；on the part of “?方面的；就?而言”；from?to?“从?到?”
[解题关键] Owing to 是短语介词，后跟名词delay，Owing to the delay?表示原因，在句中状语；on the part of也是短语介词，on the part of the suppliers这一介词短语作delay的后置定语；from September 10th. To October 10th. 修饰extend.
[译文] “由于供应方的拖延，请贵方将装运日期从9月10日延长到10月10日。”
6. The company you inquired ______ ______ your letter of March 10th. Is considered ______ have an excellent reputation. Several times we have sold goods amounting ______ eight million dollars, but have never experienced a delay ______ payment.
[正确答案] about, in, to, to, in
[考点] inquire about “查询、询问”，短语动词；in your letter“贵方来信中”；be considered to have “被认为具有”；amount to“合计，总额达”；delay in payment “拖延付款”
[解题关键] 本题由两个句子组成。第一句是被动句The company?is considered?。其中inquire about是短语动词，you inquired about是省去了which的，修饰company 的定语从句；in your letter修饰inquired about；be considered后的to并不是介词，而是构成动词不定式的小品词。这里的to have an excellent reputation作句子的主语company的补语。第二句的结构是?We have sold goods?，but have never experienced a delay?。其中amount to是短语动词，amounting to eight million dollars是分词短语，作goods的后置定语；in payment介词短语是修饰delay的后置短语。
[译文] “贵方3月10日来函所询问的那家公司认为享有最良好的信誉。我们与该公司做过几次数额达800万美元的交易，但是从未发生过拖欠货款事宜。”
3. 选择给定的适当的单词填空题
这部分试题是短文填空题，每空填一个词，待填的单词集中列在题首。做这一试题时，切忌见空就填，最好先很快通读一遍整个语篇，熟悉语言环境，然后从给定的单词中仔细选择出正确答案。例如：
选择下列适当的单词填空：
1. for, in, offerers, on, with, words
Offer
An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into a contract. In other ______, an offer refers to trading terms put forward by offerers to offerees, on which the ______ are willing to conclude business with the offerees. These terms mainly include name of commodity, brand, specifications, quantity, price, packing, payment, shipment, etc. Thus ______ receiving an inquiry by mail or telegram from abroad, we shall place before overseas customers the dance ______ the existing supply and market situations of the commodity inquired ______. And this is called an offer or a quotation.
[正确答案] words, offerers, on, in, with, for
[考点] in other words “换言之”；offerers“报盘人”on receiving? “在收到?时”；in accordance with“按照，根据”；inquire for“询问，询价”
[解题关键] 从标题就可以知道，整个短文是对报盘下定义，闭幕式进行适当的解释。第一空选words填入。in other words “换言之”为习用语，引出下文，对给offer下的定义，进行解释。第二空，根据题意应填offerers作which引出的定语从句的主语。第三空，动名词receiving前填介词on，表示时间。第四空和第五空分别选介词in和with填空，构成短语介词in accordance with。第六空是动词inquire的固定搭配for，inquire for是短语动词。
[译文] “报盘是卖方为签订合同向买方提出的一种建议，或者说，报盘是指发盘人向受盘人提出的某种交易条件，并愿意按此条件同受盘人达成交易。这些条件主要包括商品名称、牌号、规格、数量、价格、包装、支付、交货期限等。因此，一收到国外的询盘函电，我们就必须根据可供存货及该商品的市场情况，向海外客户报价并提出有关的贸易条件和条款。这就称之为报盘或报价。”
2. draw, in, in, latter, of, possible
Letter of Credit
In international trade, there is seldom direct payment by the importer to the exporter. Payment is usually effected through a bank. When a sales contract is signed by the sellers and the buyers, the ______ will instruct their bankers to open a letter of credit for the amount of the purchase and ______ favour ______the exporter on the terms and conditions as stipulated in the contract. A letter of credit is a written instrument issued by the importer’s bankers, authorizing to ______ on them for a certain amount in accordance with the contract stipulations.
Its advantage is that the L/C issued is the guarantee of the opening bank to pay ______ advance. It resolves the contradiction that both the importer and the exporter do not trust each other and advoids meeting any ______ risks in doing businesses.
[正确答案] latter, in, of, draw, in, possible
[考点] the latter “后者”；in favour of“以?为受益人，收款人，抬头人”；to drawn “提款，
开出，开给”；in advance “提前，预选”；any possible risks “任何可能的风险”
[解题关键] 信用证是国际贸易中通常使用的一种支付手段。买方通过银行向卖方开出信用证支付货款。根据题意，第一空the的后面填形容词latter, the latter相当于名词，在句中作主语；第二空填in，第三空填of, in favour of是短语介词，后接名词the exporter，表示信用证开出出口商（抬头人是出口商）；to drawn on them这里属固定搭配，其中them指的是importer’s bankers，意为“以进口商银行为付款人而开出收款汇票，即向进口商银行提取货款”；in advance是习用语，修饰动词不定式to pay；any ______ risks之间只能填形容词possible，才符合题意。
[译文] “在国际贸易中，进口商很少直接付款给出口商。支付通常通过银行进行。当买卖双方签署了销售合同以后，前者指示他的银行按照购货的总价款，根据合同所规定的条款，把一个信用证开在出口商名下。该信用证受权出口商向该行提取合同规定的款项。因此，信用证是开证行应进口商的请示，开给出口商的一种银行保证付款的书面凭证。它的优点在于开证行开出的信用证是预先付款的担保。它解决了进出口双方互不信任的矛盾在完成交易的过程中可能遇到的任何风险。”
4. 英汉翻译
这部分试题主要考核学生对外贸英语信函中常用句型和习用法的确切理解并将其译成通顺汉语的能力。该试题多由单句组成。做英译汉试题时，要特别注意试题句子本身的内容。对代词it, its, they, their等的指代关系一定要弄准确。某些单句或短语似乎相识，但在句中却另有所指或特指，或比喻或隐喻，对这些词和短语一定要反复推敲，选用准确的汉语来表达，切忌望文生义、想当然或八九十离十。做完这部分试题，一定要留出时间根据原文仔细校对译文。难译的词句要反复校对，注意有否漏译、错译或词不达意的文句。如果译文连考生自己都看不懂，肯定有问题，应采取相应措施进行再翻译或做文字加工。只有这样，才能取得好成绩。例如：
1. We look forward to the opportunity to be of service to you.
[译文]“期待有为贵方效劳的机会。”
[考点] be of service to“为?服务”
[解题关键] to be of service to you 动词不定式短语修饰the opportunity，作后置定语，整个句子的翻译要符合中文外贸书信的用词规范。当然可以译写成：“我们盼望有机会为你们服务”，但这比上述译文“期待有为贵方效劳的机会”或“期待有机会为贵方效劳”逊色多了。
2. These goods being in great demand, we cannot hold this offer open.
[译文] “这些货物需求量大，本公司无法保持此报盘有效。”
[考点] 分词独立结构These goods being in great demand的译法；hold this offer open“保持此报盘有效”