成都理工大学工程技术学院
摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计
作者姓名：XXX
专业名称：电气工程及其自动化
指导教师：XX 讲师
摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计
摘要
论文是研究机械加工中常用的Z3040摇臂钻床传统电气控制系统的改造问题，旨在解决传统继电器—接触器电气控制系统存在的线路复杂、可靠性稳定性差、故障诊断和排除困难等难题。由于PLC电气控制系统与继电器—接触器电气控制系统相比，具有结构简单，编程方便，调试周期短，可靠性高，抗干扰能力强，故障率低，对工作环境要求低等一系列优点。因此，本论文对Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统的改造，将把PLC控制技术应用到改造方案中去，从而大大提高摇臂钻床的工作性能。论文分析了摇臂钻床的控制原理，制定了可编程控制器改造Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统的设计方案，完成了电气控制系统硬件和软件的设计，其中包括PLC机型的选择、I/O端口的分配、I/O硬件接线图的绘制、PLC梯形图程序的设计。对PLC控制摇臂钻床的工作过程作了详细阐述，论述了采用PLC取代传统继电器—接触器电气控制系统从而提高机床工作性能的方法，给出了相应的控制原理图。
关键词 ：可编程控制器 摇臂钻床 梯形图 电气控制系统
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摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计
Abstract
This paper is to studies the machine process in common use Z3040 in inside radial drilling machine electric control system improves problem. The aim is solving device complexity, inferior reliability and stability, malfunction analysis and trouble obviation of the traditional relay electric control system. Because of electric control system PLC there are lots of advantages which include design, install, connect the line and adjust to try workload small, the period of research and manufacture is short, reliability is high, the ability of Anti- interference is very strong, the rate of break down is low, the demand of work environment is low, maintenance convenience a series of advantage etc. Therefore, a work for to the Z3040 radial drilling machine electric control system reforming, will reforming PLC control technique application in the project, then increasing radial drilling machine’s work function. The paper introduces to the control principle of the radial drilling machine. Established the programmable controller improve the design project of electric control system of Z3040 radial drilling machine. Completed the design of the software and hardware of the electric control system, Among them include the model of PLC choice、the I/O allotment of the address、the I/O hardware connects the line diagram、PLC trapezium diagram’s design. It explains that PLC control the work process of radial drilling machine. Discussing the adoption PLC replaces the traditional electric control system’s method and increases the work function of radial drilling machine, give a homologous control principle diagram.
Keywords: PLC, Radial drilling machine, Trapezium diagram, Electric
Control System
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摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计
目录
摘要 ................................................................................................................ I Abstract ......................................................................................................... II 目录 .............................................................................................................. III 前言 ................................................................................................................ 1 1 绪论 ............................................................................................................ 3
1.1 国内外关于本课题的技术研究现状和发展动态 .......................... 3 1.2 Z3040摇臂钻床简介........................................................................ 4 2 Z3040摇臂钻床传统电气控制系统的原理.............................................. 5
2.1 主电路 .............................................................................................. 5 2.2 电路分解 .......................................................................................... 8 2.3 行程开关SQ1~SQ3的作用 ............................................................ 8 2.4 时间继电器KT的作用 ................................................................... 9 2.5 电路工作过程 .................................................................................. 9
2.5.1 主轴电动机M1的控制 ........................................................ 9 2.5.2 摇臂升降的控制 .................................................................. 10 2.5.3 主轴箱与立柱的加紧与放松 .............................................. 10 2.6 液压控制系统 ................................................................................ 11
2.6.1 夹紧液压控制系统 .............................................................. 11
3 基于PLC的Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统硬件部分的设计 ............ 12
3.1 可编程序控制器的特点 ................................................................ 12 3.2 PLC的基本组成 ............................................................................. 14 3.3 PLC工作过程 ................................................................................. 14
3.3.1 PLC执行的过程 ................................................................... 14 3.3.2 PLC的工作状态 ................................................................... 15 3.3.3 扫描周期和响应时间 .......................................................... 15 3.4 PLC设计控制系统的基本原则 ..................................................... 15 3.5 PLC型号的选择 ............................................................................. 16
3.5.1 根据PLC的物理结构 ......................................................... 16 3.5.2 根据PLC的指令功能 ......................................................... 16 3.5.3 根据PLC的输入输出点数 ................................................. 16 3.5.4 根据PLC的存储容量 ......................................................... 17 3.5.5 根据输入模块的类型 .......................................................... 17
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摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计
3.5.6 根据输出模块的类型 .......................................................... 17 3.6 PLC的I/O端口分配表 ................................................................. 18 3.7 PLC的I/O电气接线图的设计 ..................................................... 19 4 软件部分的设计 ...................................................................................... 21
4.1 PLC梯形图程序的优化设计及程序调试 ..................................... 21
4.1.1 系统预开程序 ...................................................................... 21 4.1.2 主电动机的起动控制程序 .................................................. 21 4.1.3 摇臂升降控制程序 .............................................................. 22 4.1.4 主轴箱和立柱同时放松或夹紧控制程序 .......................... 22 4.1.5 主轴箱和立柱分别单独夹紧或放松程序 .......................... 23 4.1.6 信号显示程序 ...................................................................... 23 4.1.7 电源工作状态指示信号程序 .............................................. 24 4.1.8 状态图 .................................................................................. 25 4.1.9 转移图 .................................................................................. 26 4.2 梯形图和指令表 ............................................................................ 27 5 数控钻床 .................................................................................................. 30
5.1 数控钻床简介 ................................................................................ 30 5.2 数控钻床的原理 ............................................................................ 30 5.3 数控钻床的选择 ............................................................................ 30 总结 .............................................................................................................. 33 致谢 .............................................................................................................. 34 参考文献 ...................................................................................................... 35
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