管理学英文版,重点大集合(概念、图表)

2019-01-07 15:02

第一章

1. 管理职能:计划、组织、领导、控制。

management functions: planning、organizing、leading、controlling. 2. 管理角色(management roles)、

①人际关系角色:挂名首脑、领导者、联络者 Interpersonal:figurehead、leader、liaison ②信息传递角色:监听者、传播者、发言人

Informational: monitor、disseminator、spokesperson ③决策制定角色:企业家、混乱驾驭者、资源分配者、谈判者

Decisional: entrepreneur、disturbance handler、resource allocator、negotiator

3、管理技能(management skills)

概念技能、沟通技能、效果技能、人际技能

Conceptual、communication、effectiveness、interpersonal 4、组织的特点

①有明确的目的(distinct purpose) ②有人员构成(people)

③有精细的结构(deliberate structure) 第二章

1、管理理论(management theories):

科学管理(scientific management)一般行政管理理论(general administrative theorists) 定量方法(quantitative approach)组织行为(organizational behavior)系统观(systems approach) 权变理论(contingency approach)

第三章

1、管理万能论(omnipotent view of management) 管理象征论(symbolic view of management) 2、组织文化的七个维度(dimensions)

关注细节,成果导向,员工导向,团队导向,进取性,稳定性,创新与风险承受力

Attention to detail, outcome orientation, people organization, team organization, aggressiveness, stability,innovation and risk taking 3、文化传播给员工的途径:故事,仪式,有形信条,语言 Stories,ritual,material symbols,language 4、创新的文化的特点

①.挑战与参与(challenge) ②. 自由(freedom)

③. 信任和开发(trust and openness) ④. 计划时间(idea time)

⑤. 幽默(playfulness/humor)

⑥. 冲突解决(conflict resolution) ⑦. 讨论(debates) ⑧. 冒险(risk taking) 第六章

1、决策制定过程(the decision-making process)

①.识别决策问题(identification of a problem)

②.确定决策标准(identification of decision criteria) ③.为决策标准分配权重(allocation of weight to criteria) ④.开发备份方案(development of alternatives)

⑤.分析备份方案(analysis of alternatives)

⑥.选择备择方案(selection of an alternatives)

⑦.实施备择方案(implementation of the alternatives) ⑧.评估决策结果(evaluating decision effectiveness) 2、决策制定的错误(decision-making errors and biases):

自负(overconfidence)后见(hindsight)自利型(self-serving)

沉没成本(sunk costs)随机性(randomness)典型性(representation) 有效性(availability)框架效应(framing)证实(confirmation) 选择性认知(selective perception)锚定效应(anchoring effect) 即时满足(immediate gratification) 3、 决策制定方式 (decision-making approach) 理性(rationality) 有限理性(bounded rationality) 问题和解决类型 直觉(intuition) (types of problems and decisions ) 结构良好——程序化 Well structured— programmed 决策制定的错误和偏见 Decision-making errors and biases 结构不良——非程序化 Unstructured—nonprogrammed 决策 决策制定 选择最佳方案(Choosing best alternative) (decision-making process) ——最大化(maximizing) ——满意(satisficing) 实施(implementing) 评估(evaluating) 决策制定条件 (decision—making conditions) ) 确定性(certainty 风险性(risk)决策者风格 不确定性(uncertainty) (decision maker’s style) 命令型(directive)分析型(analytic) 概念型(conceptual)行为型(behavioral) 4、计划工作(planning):

①、定义组织目的(defining the organization’s goals) ②、制定全局战略(establishing an overall strategy) ③、开发一组广泛的相关计划(developing plans)

5、计划的目的(purposes of planning): ①、它给出了管理者和非管理者努力的方向

(planning provides direction to managers and nonmanagers alike) ②、它通过迫使管理者具有前瞻性来降低不确定性

(planning reduce uncertainty by forcing managers to look ahead, anticipate change, consider the impact of change, and develop appropriate responses)

③、计划可以减少活动的重复和浪费

(planning minimizes waste and redundancy) ④、计划设定目标和标准,可以用于控制

(planning establishes the goals or standards used in controlling) 6、计划和绩效(planning and performance)

①正式的计划工作通常带来较高的绩效、较高的资产回报率,以及其他积极的财富

Formal planning is associated with positive financial results such as higher profits, higher return on assets, and so forth.

②计划工作的质量以及实现计划的适当措施,通常要比计划工作本身对绩效的贡献更大

Doing a good job of planning and implementing those plans play a bigger part in high performance than does the extent and amount of planning done.

③正式计划并不必然的导致至高绩效,外部环境的影响通常是更关键的 Formal planning didn’t lead to higher performance, the external environment often was the culprit.

④计划与绩效的关系还受到计划时间结构的影响。一般的组织要改进它的绩效,至少需要四年期的系统性的正式计划工作。

The planning/performance relationship seems to be influenced by the planning time frame; that is, organizations seem to need at least four years of systematic formal planning before seeing any impact on performance.

7、计划工作的两个重要因素(planning involves 2 important elements) 目标(goals)计划(plans) 8、 计划的类型 (types of plans) 时间框架 具体性 使用频率 宽度 (time frame) (specificity) (frequency of use) (breadth) 战略的(strategic) 长期(long term) 方向性的(directional) 一次性(single use) 运营的(operational) 短期(short term) 具体性的(specific) 持续性(standing)

9、目标设定的步骤(steps in goal setting)

①审视组织的使命(review the organization’s mission, the purpose of an organization)

②评估可获得的资源(evaluate available resources)

③考虑相关因素(determine the goals individually or with input from others)

④写下目标且与相关人员沟通(write down the goals and communicate them to all who need to know) ⑤评估结果判断目标是否达到(review results and whether goals are being met)

10、对计划工作的批评(criticisms of planning)

①计划可能会造成刚性(planning may create rigidity)

②动态环境是难以计划的(plans can’t be developed for a dynamic environment)

③正式计划不能代替直觉和创造性(formal plans can’t replace intuition and creativity)

④计划工作者有可能将管理者的注意力集中在今天的竞争而不是明天的生存上(planning focuses managers’ attention on today’s competition, not on tomorrow’s survival)

⑤正式的计划会强化成功,但也会因此导致失败(formal planning reinforces success, which may lead to failure)

⑥仅有计划是不够的(just planning isn’t enough) 11、动态环境下有效的计划工作(effective planning in dynamic environment) ①开发的计划既具体又灵活(develop plans that are specific but flexible)

②计划工作是一个持续的过程(planning is an ongoing process)

③在环境发生变化是改变前进的方向(change directions if environmental conditions warrant)

④努力坚持规划(persistence in planning efforts)

⑤将组织结构扁平化(flattening the organizational hierarchy) 第十章

1、组织设计的六要素(involves decisions about six key elements) 工作专门化(work specialization)部门化(departmentalization) 指挥连(chain of command)管理跨度(span of control) 集权与分权(centralization and decentralization) 正规化(formalization) 2、部门化(departmentalization)

职能部门化(functional-)产品部门化(product-)过程部门化(process-) 地区部门化(geographical-)顾客部门化(customer-)

跨职能团队(cross-functional teams) 3、组织形式(two organizational forms) 机械式组织(mechanistic organization) 有机式组织(organic organization) 4、权变因素(contingency factors)

战略(strategy)规模(size)技术(technology)文化(culture) 环境不确定性(degree of environmental uncertainty) 5、常见的组织设计(common organizational designs) ①传统的组织设计(traditional organizational designs)

简单结构(simple structure)职能型结构(functional structure) 事业部型结构(divisional structure)

②现代的组织设计(contemporary organizational designs)

团队结构(team structure)矩阵-项目结构(matrix-project structure) 无边界组织(boundaryless structure) 第十一章

1、沟通的定义:传递(transfer)理解(understanding)

2、沟通的类型:人际沟通(interpersonal-)组织沟通(organizational) 3、沟通的功能(functions of communication) ①沟通可以通过几种不同的方式来控制员工的行为

Communication acts to control employee behavior in several ways. ②沟通可以激励员工

Communication encourages motivation.

③共同提供了一种释放情感的情绪表达机制,并满足了成员的社会需要 Communication provides a release for emotional expression of feelings and for fulfillment of social needs.

④沟通可以为个人和群体提供决策所需的信息

Communication provides information that individuals and groups need to get things done.

4、沟通过程(communication process)

信息源(communication source)信息(the massage)编码(encoding) 通道(the channel)解码(decoding)接受者(the receiver)反馈(feedback)


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