Part II Integrated Reading (30%)
Section 1 Banked Cloze (10%)
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Give your answers to the questions on your ANSWER SHEET.
Attention: You need to change the forms of the words in the word bank where
necessary.
(注意：请把答案写在答题卷上,否则以零分处理)
A name might tell you something about a person's background. Names can be 1) __________ of class and race. Data show African Americans are far more likely than other 2) __________ groups to give their children uncommon names. White people tend to 3) ________ more familiar names that were formerly popular with more affluent white people.
The new study purports to show a link between name and outcome of life: The more 4) _________ your name, the more likely you are to land in juvenile hall. That's because we know that boys with uncommon names are more likely to come from a socio-economically 5) _________ background, which means that they also are more likely to get involved with crime. Even the researchers readily admit that it's not a name alone that 6）_______ a child's outcome, but rather the circumstance underlying the name.
The researchers first assigned a popularity score to boys' names, based on how often they showed up in birth records in an undisclosed state from 1987 to 1991. Michael, the No. 1 boy's name, had a Popular Name Index score of 100; names such as Malcolm and Preston had index scores of 1. The researchers then assessed names of young men born during that time who landed in the juvenile justice system. They found that only half had a rating higher than 11. By 7) __________, in the general population, half of the names scored higher than 20. \10% increase in the popularity of a name is associated with a 3.7% 8) _________ in the number of juvenile delinquents who have that name.\
Still, the study theorizes that teenagers named Malcolm might also 9) ___________ because their peers treat them differently or they just don't like their names. And since the study's release last week, the name-crime 10) ___________ has been written or talked about in major media outlets.
popular connect favorite race affect compare decrease deprivation act out signify effect derive increase major conclude
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Section 2 True or False Judgement & Sentence Completion (10%)
Directions: In this part, you will find 7 statements and 3 incomplete sentences
followed by the reading passage.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Attention: For questions 1-7, one more point will be deducted if you don’t answer
each one correctly.
(注意: 1-7题中每答错一题倒扣1分, 不答不得分,答对得1分; 请把答案写在答题卷上,否则以零分处理)
Who are smarter, men or women? It's a topic of common –– and often comic –– contemplation, but it has also become a serious policy issue for colleges and students in the United States.
After years of concentrated effort to raise the academic achievement of girls, who in previous decades had often received less attention in the classroom and been steered away from college-prep courses, the nation can brag that female students have progressed tremendously. Though still underrepresented in calculus and other advanced-level science and math courses in high school, women now outnumber men applying to and graduating from college –– so much so that it appears some colleges are giving male applicants an admissions boost. As a result, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights is examining whether colleges are engaging in widespread discrimination against women in an effort to balance their male and female populations.
Consider some of the numbers at leading schools: At Vassar College in New York State, a formerly all-women's college that is still 60% female, more than two-thirds of the applicants last year were women. The college accepted 35% of the men who applied, compared with 20% of the women. Locally, elite Pomona College accepted 21% of male applicants for this year's freshman class, but only 13% of female applicants. At Virginia's College of William & Mary, 7,652 women applied for this year's freshman class, compared with 4,457 male applicants. Yet the numbers of each who gained admittance were nearly the same. That's because the college
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accepted 45% of the men and only 27% of the women.
A 2007 analysis by U.S. News & World Report, based on the data sent by colleges for the magazine's annual rankings, found that the admissions rate for women averaged 13 percentage points lower than that for men. But percentages don't tell the whole story. It could be that the men were stronger candidates, or they might have applied in areas of engineering and science where women's numbers are still lower. But such justifications, even if true, are unlikely to fully explain these numbers. At schools such as the University of California, where admissions rely overwhelmingly on statistical measures of academic achievement such as grades and test scores, the disparities don't appear. Far more women than men applied to UCLA –– the UC's most selective campus –– last year. The university accepted about the same percentage of each, with a slight edge to the women. As a result, the freshman class has close to 800 more women than men.
In recent years, several college leaders have admitted that their institutions give a boost to male applicants to maintain gender balance on campus. Most students of either sex, they point out, prefer such balance. If Vassar accepted equal percentages of each sex, women would outnumber men by more than 2 to 1.
Jennifer Delahunty Britz, the dean of admissions at Kenyon College in Ohio, a formerly all-male school, brought the matter to broad public attention in 2006 with an Op-Ed article for the New York Times describing the dilemma of her admissions office. \more accomplished than men to gain admission to the nation's top colleges?\New York Times has long favored allowing colleges to use race as an admissions factor in order to diversify student populations.
She also wrote that exposure to people of different backgrounds and viewpoints better educates all students –– not just those given a leg up. We are not in favor of accepting underqualified or clearly inferior students for the sake of diversity. But most colleges are inundated with applications from students who more than meet their standards; the differences among many of them are slight. It makes sense for colleges to pick a balanced population from within this group. At the same time, admissions
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officers should avoid rigid notions of what constitutes enough men on campus. It's not harming UCLA, or destroying college social life, to admit somewhat more women than men.
Even if the Civil Rights Commission finds pervasive gender discrimination in admissions, there's little it could do about the situation. Such discrimination –– though not racial discrimination –– is legal for undergraduate admissions at private, nonprofit colleges, even those that receive federal funding. Commission documents on the inquiry suggest that colleges could find more \student numbers, perhaps by offering programs and extracurricular activities that attract men.
Those might work for some schools but won't change the overall scenario. Not with college populations composed of 57% women nationwide. The issue we'd like the Commission on Civil Rights to investigate is: What's happening with the education of U.S. boys? Why are so few of them applying to and graduating from college?
Theories and arguments abound. Some say that boys are more active and thus less able to sit still for long periods –– and as a result, more likely to be categorized as having attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder or needing special education. A 2008 study by researchers at Northwestern University found that when girls are involved in a language-related task –– such as reading –– they show more activity in areas of the brain involved in encoding language. Boys use more sensory information to do linguistic tasks. The study suggests boys might do better if they were taught language and arts in different ways. Race is a factor as well. The gender gap is starker among African American and Latino students.
There may be no one reason –– or solution. But figuring out ways to help boys achieve in school is a better response to the gender gap than making it easier for them to get into college later.
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1. As a result of the effort to raise the academic achievement of the girls for years, the girls have exceeded boys tremendously in all courses in colleges except calculus and other advanced-level science and math courses.
2. Female students are facing the low admission rate because some colleges are engaging in discrimination against women to achieve the balance of their male and female populations.
3. Although the men were traditionally considered stronger candidates in areas of engineering and science, the admission rate for men in these areas is still lower than that for women.
4. Women have outnumbered men in gaining admittance in UCLA’s freshman class this year because their admissions greatly rely on grades and test scores of their applicants.
5. Some college leaders hold that most college students prefer their policy of maintaining gender balance by admitting equal percentages of each sex.
6. The dilemma of the dean of admissions at Kenyon College is whether to use gender as an admissions factor in order to achieve gender balance or use race as an admissions factor in order to diversify student populations.
7. According to Jennifer Delahunty Britz, it is reasonable for colleges to pick a balanced population from the candidates who more than meet their standards.
8. Actually the Civil Rights Commission can do little to change the situation of discrimination
in
college
admission
because
such
discrimination
is
____________________________________________________________________.
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