(a)The dollar is the standard unit of currency of the United States of America. (b)He is cursory reader.
(c)Kepler was the precursor of Newton.
(d)This is the second occurrence of murder of a little child this year in this city. (e)The museum has a large concourse. 5.
词根cresc---, cret---, cre---
这是一组同源异形词根，它们都来自拉丁动词cresere, 在英语中的意思是to grow(生长)，其中cresc---是不定式词干，cret---是动名词词干，cre---是cret---在添加后缀时的变形。下面所要讲解的单词就是由上面的词根构成的。 increase v. & n. ［in---(into, 进来)+---creas---(cresc---重读形式，意为to grow, 生长)+---e］ 〓to grow into, 增进 →(1)v. to make or become larger in amount or number, 增加，增长，增大 As his vocabulary grew, his confidence increased. 他认识的词汇越多，信心就越强。 (2)n. arise in amount, number etc. , 数量、总量上的增加量 Friendliness is after all on the increase in the world. 世上的友善毕竟是有增无减的。 同族词：increasing a. 增长的 increasingly adv. 日益增长地 反意词：decrease v. & n. 减少，减少量 decreasingly adv. 渐减地 concrete v. & a. & n. ［con---(=com---)(together with, 在一起)+---cret---(to grow, 生长)+---e］ 〓to grow together with each other, 长在一起或结在一块 →(1)a. existing as something real or solid, actual, 固定有形的，具体的，实际的 Sunshine is not concrete but the sun is. 阳光是无固定形状的，而太阳却有。
(2)n. a building material made by mixing sand, very small stones, cement and water, 混
凝土
(3)v. to cover with concrete, 用混凝土覆盖
The workers are still busy with concreting the roof. 工人们正忙着给房顶铺上混凝土。 excreacence n. ［ex---(out, 出)+---cresc---(to grow, 生长)+---ence(the result of, 表示行为的结果)］
〓growing or growth on which is out of the normal state, 超出正常状态的生长(或生长物)
→an ugly growth on an animal or plant, 动物或植物体上生长的赘物
Doctor! This is my son, recently he’s got a sort of strange excrescence on his belly. 医生!这是我的儿子，最近他肚子上长了一种奇怪的瘤子。 同族词：excrescent a. 赘生的，多余的
练习五 1． 比较下列构词规律，在空格中填上相应单词： increase 增加 decrease 减少 increment 增值 ---------- 减少量 incresent 渐盈的 ---------- 渐亏的 2． 推断下列词义： concretion concretive decremeter crescendo accrete concrescence excrescent
concreteness increscent accretion
6. 词根cur---
在拉丁语中，名词cura的词干部分cru---就相当于英语中的词根cue---, 意思是care（关心，注意）。它与上面介绍的意为to run(跑)的词根cur(r)形体相同。实际上这是两个词根，意义当然不同。区别方法是，词根cur(r)在派生词中，或在重读音节中，发音为［k:］或［K^］或［K:］。结构上必以curr的形式连接后缀。而现在介绍的词根cur---一定是添加后缀构词，且发音总是［kju:］。请通过下列例词加以分辨其间的区别所在。 cure v. & n. ［cur(care, 关心，注意)+---e］ 〓to care(for the sick), 对(病人)关心 →治疗，治愈，纠正 Scientists are working on a cure for AIDS. 科学家们正在研究治疗艾兹病的方法。 The school doctor cured her of diarrhoea. 校医治疗好了她的拉肚子毛病。 同族词：curable 可治疗的 cureless 无法治疗的 curative 治疗的 curious a. ［cur---(care, 关心，注意)+---ious(causing or filling, 引起?的，充满?的)］ 〓causing one’s care for?, 惹人注意的；full of special care for?对?特别关心的 Don’t be too curious about what you are not supposed to know. 不该知道的事，最好不要多打听。 同族词：curiosity 新奇心，好奇 curiousness 新奇，好奇 curiously 好奇地 curioso 古董家 curio 古玩 accurate a. ［ac---(to 对着)+---cur---(care, 关心，注意)+---are(having, 有?的)］ 〓having much care to (something), 对（某事物），极为用心的 →精确的，准确的 His reply to this complicated question is accurate in every detail.
他对这个复杂问题的回答是精确无误的。 同族词：accuracy n. 精确 accurately adv. 精确地，准确地 accurateness n. 精确
secure a. & v. ［se---(apart from, 离开)+---cur---(care, 关心)+---e］ 〓apart from the state of causing care or worry. 离开令人关心或牵挂的状态 →无忧无虑的，安心的，有把握的，保险的 The little boy felt secure in his mother’s arms. 这男孩子在妈妈的怀抱里感到很放心。 同族词：security n. 安全，保护 securer n. 保卫者 securement n. 把握，稳当性
incurious n. ［in---=not 不+curious(好奇的)］ 〓not curious 不好奇的，不爱细问的 →devoid of curiosity, careless, heedless 没兴趣的
The mother is getting more and more worried, because her daughter is incurious about study. 作母亲的越来越焦急，因为她女儿对学习毫无兴趣。 同族词：incuriously adv. 没兴趣地，无好奇心地 incuriosity a. 无好奇心
练习六 1． 在下列单词后的括号里填上C或R，其中C与R的含义分别是to Care和to Run： current ( ) curious ( ) excursion ( ) currency ( ) secure ( ) curator ( ) incur ( ) recur ( ) incuriosity ( ) procure ( ) occur ( ) concourrent ( ) 2． 将下面两个句子译成汉语，并指出其中划线的单词中词根的涵义。 (1)He has procured a ticket for you. (2)Almost all the participants concurred with him. (3)The criminal’s three seven-year sentences were concurrent. (4)The train station has a large concourse. (5)This lamp works only on alternating current. 7.
词根dic---, dict---
拉丁动词dicere的不定式词干就是词根dic---, dict---则是其动名词词干，意思都相当于to say(说)。在英语中，dic的派生词较少，dict---的派生词却较多。 indicate vt. ［in---(towards, 对着)+---dic---(to say, 说)+---ate(to make, 使?)］ 〓to make known clearly, 使某事说清楚 →表示，暗示，指出
This signpost is indicating the right road to the villa. 这个路标指示去山庄的正确道路。 同族词：indication n. 指示，象征 indicative a. 指示的，表示的
dictate v. ［dict---(to say, 说)+---ate(to do or make, )］
〓to say, make a speech, or read aloud (words to be written down by another or others) 讲话，宣读让其他人记录
→(1)口授，使听写（2）命令，支配
The retired general dictated one chapter of his autobiography to his secretary everyday. 这位退休将军每天向秘书口授一节的回忆录。 同族词：dictation n. 口授，口授的资料 dictator n. 独裁者 diction n. ［dict---(to say, 说话)+---ion(the manner of?表示行为的方式)］ 〓the manner or art of saying, 说话的方法或艺术 →措辞，辞令 After his speech, the graduate was loudly applauded for his good dicton. 这位毕业生演说完后，他的美妙的措辞给他赢得了阵阵热烈的掌声。 同族词：dictionary n. 字典 contradict v. ［contra---(against, 对抗)+---dict(to say, 说)］ 〓to say or speak against, 以言相抗 →反驳，否认 His deeds contradicted his own belief. 他的行为与他的信仰相互抵触。 同族词：contradiction n. 矛盾 contradictory a. 矛盾的，对立的
predict v. ［pre---(beforehand, 预先)+---dict(to say, 说)］
〓to see or describe (a future happening) in advance as a result of knowledge, experience 预先报告 →预告，预测
The TV weather report predicted that there will be rain tomorrow. 电视里的天气预报说明天有雨。 同族的：prediction n. 预言 predictable a. 可预言的
练习七 1． 选择词义相近的词：
(1) predict
8.
a. forecast c. fortune (2)dictum a. vote c. energy (3)prediction a. prophecy c. anger (4)edict a. decree c. fault (5)interdict a. organ c. docile (6)benediction a. bright c. blonde (7)malediction a. responsible c. invitation (8)jurisdiction a. divided c. power (9)verdict a. before c. judgment
b. forward d. farewell b. pronouncement d. alarm b. contrition d. harassment b. correction d. disclaimer b. order d. ride b. blessing d. beauty b. treat d. curse b. individual d. person b. character d. document
词根duc---, duct---
词根duc---, duct---都来自拉丁动词ducere, 含义为英语中的to lead(引导)。这对词根可孽生出上百个同根词，这里我们仅介绍几个最常见的。 conduct v. & n. ［con---(together with, 同?一起)+---duct(to lead, 引导)］ 〓leading(someone or oneself) to a certain result, 引导(别人或自身) →引导，指导，陪伴，（作名词时）行为，德行 At present many young people are eager to know how to conduct a business. 现如今许多青年人渴望精通如何经营生意。 His conduct in factory is excellent. 他在工厂里的操行非常好。 同族词：conductive n. 有助益的，促成?的 conductor n. 向导，指导者，导体，（乐队）指挥 educate v. ［e---(=ex---)(out of, 从?出来)+---duc---(to lead, 引导)+---ate(构成动词的后缀)］ 〓to lead someone out of?, 把某人从?状态中引导出来 →教育，教养