He was educated at home by his mother. 他是母亲在家里教育成人的。 同族词：education n. 教育，教育的过程 educator n. 教育者 educative n. 有教育意义的
introduce vt. ［intro---(into, 进)+---duc(to lead, 引导)+---e］ 〓to lead into, 引入 →输入，采用，介绍，提出，把?插入 The chairman introduced the main speaker to the audience. 大会主席向与会者介绍了主讲人。 同族词：introducer n. 引进者，介绍人 introduction n. 引进，介绍，序言 introductory n. 介绍的，导言的
produce v. & n. ［pro---(forward, 向前)+---duc---(to lead, 引导)+---e］ 〓to lead or bring forward to some result, 带领向前，引出结果 →生产，制造，（名词时）产品
Prof. Qian Zhongshu is one of the finest writers our country has ever produced during last decades.
钱钟书是我国近几十年造就出的最优秀的作家之一。 The farmers sold their produce at the market. 农民在市场上出售他们的作物。 同族词：producer n. 生产者，制造者 production n. 生产，总成果 productive n. 生产的，多产的 productivity n. 生产能力，生产率 reduce v. ［re---(backward, 向后)+---duc---(to lead, 引导)+---e］ 〓to lead backward, 引回, 使?后退 →降级，减少 He has to reduce his daily quota of cigarettes for health. 为了健康，他不得不减少每天的吸烟量。 同族词：reducible n. 可缩减的 reducer n. 缩减者，减速器 reduction n. 减少，缩小 reductive a. 减少的 反义词：irreducible a. 不能减少的
练习十五 1． 同义相连 a. deduce
1. of or about education
b. aqueduct c. misconduct d. conductress e. abbuction f. seduce g. educational 2. persuade to do something more or less wrong by making it seem attractive; entice 3. a woman conductor
4. to behave oneself badly or improperly, esp. with a person of the opposite sex
5. a pipe or canal that carries water supply
6. decide from general principles in relation to a particular thing, fact, event, etc.
7. take away a person unlawfully
2． 用sub, tra---(trans---)加上本节词根构词，再对照字典弄清它们的意义。
9. 词根fac---fic---, fact---, fect---
fac---, fic---, fact---, fect---是一组同源异形词根，来自拉丁动词facere, 其意义与英语的to do 或是to make(做)相同。其中fac---是原拉丁动词的不定式词干，fact---是其动名词词干，fic---是其异体ficere的词干部分，fect---这个异体的动名词词干。 facile a. ［fac---(to do, 做)+---ile(able to be or easy to be, 易于?的，能够?的)］ 〓able or easy to be done, 敏捷的，熟练的 Being a facile speaker, she is a successful public relation girl. 她能言善辩，是名出色的公关小姐。 同族词：facility n. 灵巧；设备 fiction n. ［fic---(ficere的词干部分，意为to make, 做)+---tion(构成名词的词尾)］ 〓to make something, 构造，做出来的 →捏造，小说 Mr. Qiong Yao has written both TV play and fiction. 琼瑶女士既写电视剧也写小说。 同族词：fictional a. 小说的 fictionalize v. 虚构 fictionist n. 小说家 nonfictional a. 非小说的 efficient a.
［ef---(=ex)(outward, 向外的)+---fic---(to, do, 做)+---i+---ent(able to, 构成形容词的词尾)］
〓being ab le to do well and without waste, 可以做出而且做好的，没有浪费的 →有能力的，有效的 To learn word stem is an efficient way of expanding your English vocabulary. 学习词根是扩大英语词汇量的一种行之有效的方法。 同族词：efficiency n. 效率，效益 efficiently adv. 有效地 fact n. ［fact(拉丁名词factum的词干部分，意为thing which is done, 做过的事)］
〓anything that has been done or occurred. 做过或发生过的事 →事实，实际，真相
Facts speak louder than eloguence. 事实胜于雄辩。
He doesn’t mind your joke. In fact he is very pleased. 他不仅不介意你的玩笑，相反他很高兴。 同族词：facture a. 事实的，真实的 factory n. 工厂
affect vt. ［af---(=ad---)(upon, 在?之上)+---fact(to do or act, 做，起作用)］ 〓to cause some result or change in; influence 作用于?之上 →影响，感动 Lack of sleep affects health. 睡眠不足影响健康。 He was deeply affected by the new of his best friend’s death. 他的最好朋友猝然去世的消息深深地震撼了他的心。 同族词：affection n. 影响，感情 affective a. 感情方面的，表达感情的 affected a. 受影响的 affectation n. 虚饰，装腔作势 affecting a. 动人的，伤心的 effect n. & v. ［ef---(=ex---)(outward, 出，向外的)+---fect(to do or make, 做，造)］ 〓to cause, produce, or have as a result 做出，造出 →产生，实现，结果，效果 同族词：effective a. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地，印象深刻的 effectiveness n. 有效，生效 effectual a. 收效的，有效的 effectuate v. 使奏效，实现 infect vt. ［in---(into, 进入)+---fect(to make, 做，使)］ 〓to make?into(the body), 使?进入（身体） →（向或在?内部发生作用）传染，感染 The spreading disease infected his eyes, finally he became blind. 疾病的扩散影响了眼睛，以至他双目失明。 同族词：infection n. 传染，感染，传染病 infectious a. 传染的，可以感染别人的 反义词：disinfect v. 消毒，净化
练习九
1． 从所学的词根知识，你能判断出下面单词的词义吗？
affect factual defect perfect effect proficiency manufacture fictional transfigure 2． 选择相近词义相连： a. malefactor b. factotum c. satisfaction d. facility e. fictionist f. figure g. configuration
fact affection factory defective proficient deficient efficient fictitious transfiguration
affective factor defection perfection effective unification efficiency disfigure
1. the act of making one fulfilled 2. dexterity 3. criminal
4. versatile person
5. the arrangement of various parts of something, shape 6. person who write fiction 7. shape of whole human body
10. 词根fer---
拉丁动词fere的不定式词干就是fer---, 其含义可用三个英语的近义词来表述：to carry(拿)，to bring(带来)，to bear(负担，产生)。具体含义在不同的派生词中略有差异，请读者从下面的例子中仔细体会。
confer v. ［con---(together with, 一起)+---fer(to bring, 带来)］ 〓to bring someone’s view together with other’s 把各人的观点带到一起来。 →协商，交换意见 The department directors conferred about curriculum development. 系主任们商议课程开发问题。 同族词：conference n. 会议，讨论会 differ vi. ［dif---(dis---)(apart, 商+---fer(to carry or bear, 拿产生)) 〓to carry apart from each other, 拿开，互相分离 →be unlike, disagree, 不同，相异 Gold necklace differs from pearl one as to origin and cost. 金项链和珍珠项链在原料和价格等方面各不相同。 同族词：difference n. 不同，差异 different a. 不同的，各种 differently adv. 不同地 differential a. 不同的 反义词：concur v. 相同，一致 agree v. 相同，符合 offer v.
［of---(=ob---)(towards, 向)+---fer(to carry, 拿)］
〓to carry something towards somebody, 向某人送去某物 →(1)present for acceptance, 提供 (2)propose, 提议
She accepted his offer of driving her home. 她接受搭他的车回家。 同族词：offering n. 提供，礼物
prefer v. ［pre---(before, 在?之前)+---fer(to bring, 带)］ 〓to bring something before others, 先拿走的 →like better, 偏爱，喜欢，宁愿（选择）
“What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?” He asked me. “I prefer tea to coffee.” I replied.
“喝茶，还是咖啡？”他问我。“我喜欢喝茶，而不喜欢喝咖啡。”我答道。 同族词：preference n. 优先，偏爱 preferable a. 更可取的，更好的 preferential a. 优先的 refer v. ［re---(back, 回)+---fer(to bring, 带)］ 〓to bring something back, 把某物带回去 →把?归于，认为?起源于，指教，参考
I am happy to refer you to the following people who can tell you about my work and my character.
请向下面人士了解我的工作职绩和操行。 同族词：reference n. 参考 referable a. 可参考的 reefeeree n. 裁判员 referral n. 参考 transfer v. ［trans---(across, 越过)+---fer(to carry, 送)］ 〓to carry something across some area, 把某物穿越某地送到另一地 →调动，转移，传送
The headquarters of that trading corporation has been transferred from Tokyo to Yokhama.
那个贸易公司的总部已由东京迁至横滨。 同族词：transference n. 移动，调动，转让
transferable a. 可转移的，可转让的
练习十 1． 判断下列几组单词的意义： (1)infer, inference, inferential, inferable
(2)indifferential, indifference