个性化教案
复习一般过去时的定义：表示过去发生的动作或过去常常，反复发生的动作。
构成：谓语动词用过去式
连用时间词：yesterday, …ago, last week等。
引出新课： Did you visit Beijing before? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn’t.
Have you ever visited Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________. Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I _______
二、知识讲解
本节课主要知识点解析，中考考点、易错点分析
考点/易错点1
1. 现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）, already（已经）, before, yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还） never, ever等状语连用
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
① I have never heard of that before.
个性化教案
② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
⑤ I’ve just finished my homework. ⑥ He has not come yet.
（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和 for（段时间）, since（点时间） 引导的时间状语连用.以及 so far, by now,up till now ,these days, in(during) the last(past) ten years ,recently, lately等连用。
①I haven’t seen her these days.
②She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. ③They have lived here since 1990.
④What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?
⑤I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 1989. 从1989年，
考点/易错点2
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。
他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .
个性化教案
——He has been in the Party for five years. ——He has been a Party member for five years. ——it is five years since he joined the Party
电影开始五分钟了 The film began five minutes ago.
——The film has been on for five minutes. ——It is five minutes since the film began
瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换
1. 转换为相应的延续性动词
borrow — keep buy — have put on — wear catch a cold — have a cold get to know — know get to sleep — sleep 2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on go out — be out close — be closed
open — be open get to/arrive/reach — be (in) die — be dead leave — be away finish — be over fall sleep — be asleep join — be in/be a member of
become — be make friends — be friends come/go — be + 相应的介词短语
个性化教案
考点/易错点3
have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？
Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：
----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
个性化教案
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
考点/易错点4
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等
试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
三、例题精析
【例题1】
--- When did you _______ the bike? --- In 2012. I have ______ it for two years.