Chapter 6 Academic Writing Task One — Maps
I. Task Analysis
地图类型 解题思路 时态 过去一段时间的一般过去时 地理变迁变化 图 将来一段时间的一般将来时、 变化 表示预测的表达方式 从过去到现在的现在完成时 变化 语态 常用被动语态 顺序 选址图 时态 语态 顺序 Examples The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes, but the size of farmland and woods was halved. The number of homes in Town A is likely to double. The car park has been removed and replaced by …. A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000. Chronological order + Spatial order, 先 拆后建 一般现在时为主 常用被动语态 位置1+优缺点 位置2+优缺点 II. Sample Analysis
Sample 1 选址图 静态图
The map below shows three proposed sites for a new hypermarket (A, B and C) in the city of Pellington.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and making comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
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There are three proposed sites in Pellington shown in the map where a new hypermarket is going to be built. As can be seen, the population in Pellington is 120,000 which is quite a large city. Hence, there is a need to carefully select which area is the most suitable. Firstly, site A seems to have the largest residential area in the region with a traffic-free zone and a medium sized park situated in the middle. Moreover, the industrial area in site A is also the largest compared to the same areas in site B and C. Next, considering site B which is on the east side of site A, around 80% of site B is countryside and the rest is for industries. There is a long and straight motorway dividing site A and B from the north to the south. Finally, let us consider site C. Site C has the second largest residential area in Pellington and there is an airport on the west side. Site A and C are separated by a long railway which is close to the traffic-free zone of site A. Sample 2 地理迁移 动态图
Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the 19th century. The map below shows the development of the village.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.
Model 1
The figure shows how the village Chorleywood was developed between 1868 and 1994.
As illustrated, there are four main periods. The first period lasted for 15 years and began in 1868. During that time, there was just a very small group of people living along the main road near Chorleywood Park. In the second period starting from 1883 to 1922, more people started spreading around Chorleywood station with twice the size of the population in the first period. The population was even bigger in the third period which happened after that and continued until 1970. Instead of living around the station, they went to live along the railway opposite to the side of Chorleywood Park. Finally, between 1970 and 1994, the population had reached 10 times larger than it was in the first period. During this 24-year period, there were a huge number of buildings located along the two
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sides of motorway. Critique
+TASK ACHIEVEMENT
You were able to achieve the task by showing what the development of the village was in each period. You gave a good introduction which didn‘t repeat the topic/requirement of the essay. +LEXICAL RESOURCE
Vocabulary is varied: \ +COHERENCE AND COHESION
The organization is clear and logical. You used a variety of transition words such as \\
+GRAMMATICAL RANGE AND ACCURACY There were no grammar errors noted.
Model 2
This map illustrates in four stages the development of Chorleywood, a small London village, from 1868 to 1994.
According to the map, the first period was from 1868 to 1883. At this time, Chorleywood only had one small area and two crossing main roads. The next period was from 1883 to 1922. During this time, there emerged another habitation to the south of the original small area, which was almost twice bigger than the former one. In 1909, a railway, parallel with the eastbound main road, came into being. It went through the new habitation and formed an intersection with another main road as well. Next, from 1922 to 1970, along the western part of the newly- built railway, two large areas took shape. Finally, 1970 saw another great change in Chorleywood. A southbound motorway was built linking the railway and the eastbound main road. Since then, another five living areas were founded, scattering along the motorway.
Therefore, the map shows that thanks to the construction of the railway and the motorway, the land of Chorleywood expanded significantly from 1868 to 1994.
Model 3: Band 8
The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.
It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved. Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway.
From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.
The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads.
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III. 词汇拓展 1. 地理变迁图常用词汇 东南西北类 A在B的东方/西方/南方/北方
A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on/to the east/west/south/north of B. A在B内部的某个部位
A is in the eastern/southern/ western/ northern part of B. A在B西北部的120千米处
A lies 120 km to the northwest of B. A在B的东南角
A is at/in the southeastern corner of B ( at表示A在B外部, in表A在B内部) A 在B东部的边界上（A在B外部） A is on the eastern border of B
A 在B 东部边缘上 （A在B内部） A is on/along the eastern edge of B 河流道路类 在河流或道路的南边/北边等
On the south/southern side of the river On both sides of the road On the other side
临近马路的地区The area adjacent to/near/next to/just off the road 在道路或河流的最南端At the southern end of the river 在河流的上/下游at the lower/ upper reaches of the river; 在河岸alongside the riverbank
道路连接点link A to B或者connect A with B 其它方位 A在B的中间
A is in the center of B A在B的对面
A is on the opposite side of B A is opposite B 变化-图形原有事物的改变 原有事物可说成 The original/previous/former garden 原有事物尺寸上变大/变小
The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half 原有事物在数量上增多或减少
The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/ doubled/tripled/quadrupled to 500. 原有事物没了
The farms completely disappeared/were removed. 原有事物被改为 A becomes B
A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into BA is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B
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变化-图形新添事物 A newly-built road A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B A new IT centre has been added to the library
The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side. 拆建 拆、消失-- demolish, pull down, knock down, remove, disappear, be replaced by newly-built, newly-established
建、出现-- build, construct（一般建筑物）, erect（高大的建筑物）
establish/set up（无建筑的物体或抽象的机构） pave（道路的修建）
Eg., In the same year, a bridge was constructed over the river and a road was paved linking the river to the residences. 2. 选址图常用词汇 方位词 同上 优缺点 advantages and disadvantages
merits and demerits/faults/drawbacks pros and cons
virtues and defects strong and weak points
Eg., advantages outweigh the disadvantages 比较级 其它 土地单位的表达 a piece of land a plot of land（一小块） a stretch of（一长片）
a large expanse of（一大片）
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