Key to Exercises
Part One World Famous Economists 世界经济学大师 Unit 1 The Biography of the World Famous Economist----John Maynard Keynes 世界著名经济学家----约翰?梅纳德?凯恩斯 I. (Omitted)
II.1. b 2. h 3. f 4. i 5. a 6. j 7. d 8. c 9. e 10. g
Unit 2 Biography for the World Famous Economist---Milton Friedman 世界著名经济学家----弥尔顿?弗莱德曼 I. 1. American economist, the University of Chicago,
2. A Monetary History of the United States,
3. Research on consumption, strong support for free markets, 4. His scholarly research on consumption
II. 1. Important and meaningful, 2. Entire, total, 3. Useage, 4. The least amount of
money a worker can legally be paid, 5. Wavering, change, 6. To get rid of, 7. Financial, 8. Purchasers, customers
Unit 3
Biography for the World Famous Economist-Paul Samuelson 世界著名经济学家----保罗?萨缪尔森 I. 1.a 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.b
II. 1. 货币主义(强调货币供应是物价水平和经济活动的根本原因)
2. 通货膨胀 3. 开辟，倡导
4. 精确的；准确的；确切的 5. 当代的
6. 影响，作用
Unit 4 Biography for the World Famous Economist------- Adam Smith 世界著名经济学家----亚当?斯密 I. 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.d
II. 1.efficient, orderly, precise 2. Solid 3. Interruption 4. Personal gain 5. Active for
change 6. Assistance 7. Defending and promoting 8. Base, knowledge of work
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Unit 5 Biography for the World Famous Economist--------- Karl Marx 世界著名经济学家----卡尔?马克思 I. 1.c 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.d
II. 1. Revolutionary 2. To drive out 3. To try to make it through 4. All the time
5. To take advantage of 6. To destroy 7. A speech in praise of someone
Part Two Business Communication商务沟通 Unit 6 Elements of Communication 沟通的要素
Ⅰ. 1. Source in the text is a communicator who is initiating action.
2. The following should be taken into consideration in defining audience: a. What will make them support you?
b. Is their attitude toward your proposal positive, neutral, or negative? c. How are they likely to perceive you?
d. Are there hidden audiences you haven’t considered?
3. There are 7 categories in any business communication situation: the source, audience, goal, context, message, media, and feedback.
4. First of all, we should consider what message will achieve our goal with the audience. We should then have an idea about how much information they need, what doubts they’re likely to have, how our proposal will benefit them and how to make our message convincing and memorable.
5. We could convey our message to each audience by either speaking, writing, calling, sending E-mail, sending a memo, meeting, faxing, producing a videotape, or hold a press conference.
6. We should seek our audience’s understanding at every stage of the communication and give them an opportunity to respond. Communication is not an act, but a process. Our message provokes a response, which requires another message from our audience. In this way we know what they think and can modify our message accordingly.
II. 1. b 2. d 3. i 4. g 5. e 6. j 7. f 8. a 9. c 10. h
Unit 7 Who Are You as a Communicator 作为沟通者的角色
I. 1. Aristotle spoke directly in his book “Rhetoric”, three essential qualities of
successful communication. They are: logos, pathos, and ethos.
2. Pathos plays a major role in every interaction in a business setting. For example, we are more likely to help out a colleague we like; we work harder for a boss who we feel respects and counts on us and we’ll probably promote a competent
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friend instead of a talented competitor whom we vaguely distrust.
3. They are always making judgments about whether their leaders are decent people, worthy of support and respect and whether their leaders are working for a larger purpose than their own short-term interest.
4. Without an understanding of human nature which can come only from a broad base of knowledge and experience, the manager will get nowhere no matter how well they have commanded communication theory or public relations tricks. This important point has been proved by current experience in teaching and practicing business communication.
5. These interests not only give business people something to talk about at the next office party, but they also help you grow as a whole person. The ability to engage in informed conversation about someone else’s interests can establish rapport and increases willingness to grant you credibility on your own turf.
6. I think the author will discuss the qualities of effective communication in detail next because he mentions in the end that “Good communicators are good listeners”, and as we all know to be a good listener is one of the qualities of an effective communicator.
II. 1. h 2. a 3.e 4. b 5. i 6. c 7. g 8. d 9. 7 10. f
Unit 8 Business Internet 商务互联网
I. T F F F T
II. at out in, to to, afford profitable with to, of Through
search, on-line for, to
Unit 9 Know the Big Four Communication Initiatives 四大策略实现沟通无极限
I. 1. Problems: it has a terrific concept, but doesn't know how to articulate it
concisely./has difficulty sharing that excitement with key audiences.
Solution: find the benefits and differentiators and consolidate them into three key messages that clearly explain the company's goals and offerings.
2. This news release will also become an inexpensive piece of marketing collateral
to distribute to key customer and investor targets. 3. It is critical for a company to establish a reputation.
Content: a list of key characteristics, accomplishments, financials and personnel. 4. well-prepared: provide significant benefit to the company with each interview.
ill-prepared: cause major damage to a company's sales and marketing efforts. II. 1. g 2. e 3. j 4. f 5. h 6. d 7. b 8. a 9. c 10. i
Unit 10
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E-Newsletters: The Hottest New Marketing Tool 电子业务通讯――炙手可热的营销工具 I. 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. d
II. 1. combine 2. consistent 3. subscribed 4. offered 5. regardless of
6.reference 7. permission 8. retains 9. charge 10. options 11. favorable 12. efficiency
Part Three Business Culture 商务文化
Unit 11 Business and Culture 企业与文化
I. 1. F (The success of your company abroad will depend on both the employee’s
sensitivity and responsiveness to a new cultural environment and his own job-related expertise.)
2. F (It’s not usually equally the case. The success depends on how effectively he/she can exercise his/her skills in a new cultural environment.) 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T
7. F (Everyone has a culture, regardless of where they were born, raised, educated, and civilized. People are with cultures of their own--- interesting, diverse, rich and different from each other. ) 8. T
9. F (Culture can and does have an enormous influence on human biology. The most striking example can be seen in that men in their third decade of life now weigh substantially more than their grandfathers did and are, on average, several inches taller.) 10. T
II. 1. h 2. f 3. e. 4. g 5. c 6. b 7.d 8. a 9. j 10. i
Unit 12 Recognize Cultural Differences 认识文化差异
I. 1. It’s because most of the time our business partner encode their message using the
assumptions of their own culture whereas we often decode their message according to the assumptions of our culture.//We can avoid such kind of misunderstanding by improving intercultural sensitivity and recognizing and accommodating cultural differences.
2. Culture context is the pattern of physical cues, environmental stimuli, and implicit understanding that convey meaning between two members of the same culture.
3. When communicating across cultures, you can keep your messages ethical by
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applying the following four basic principles: a) Actively seek mutual ground. b) Send and receive messages without judgment. Both parties must trust one another. c) Send messages that are honest. d) Show respect for cultural differences.
4. Executives from Latin America and Asia see time as more flexible. They believe meeting a deadline is less important than building a business relationship.
5. Because the simplest hand gestures change meaning from culture to culture. Don’t assume that someone from another culture who speaks your language has mastered your culture’s body language.
6. Recognizing cultural differences helps us avoid sending inappropriate signals and correctly interpret the signals from others. It’s an important step toward improving intercultural sensitivity.// No. Being aware of cultural differences is only the first step in improving our intercultural communication. We need to balance cultural awareness with cultural flexibility. To communicate across cultures successfully we must be able to accommodate these differences without judging them and without the human tendency toward ethnocentrism.
II. 1. f 2. h. 3. i 4. b 5. c 6.j 7. g 8. a 9. e 10. d
Unit 13 Avoiding Culturally Related Business Blunders 中美商业文化差异一瞥 I. 1. If we don’t understand cultural differences we won’t be able to succeed in
international business and to be good citizens of the international community. Therefore we should not only learn to honor and respect our own cultures but also to develop an appreciation, tolerance, and respect for others’ cultures. 2. It is very important to create an environment of mutual understanding and
respect through our attitude and actions. Thus our blunders are usually met with understanding and forgiveness. To show some knowledge of local culture will also help to establish a positive mood as negotiations begin.
3. Status. For example people in the United States show respect by addressing top managers as “Mr. Billings” or “Mrs. Heinrichs”. However status is very important in China. In addressing businesspeople, the official title of each person should be used, such as Chairman, President, or Manager. If a Chinese thinks that he or she is not respected, most likely, negotiations will not be successful.
Chinese “Yes” versus American “Yes”. For example, if an American business
person wants to make an appointment with an associate, he/she will call the individual, and they will agree on a date and time for the meeting. If a conflict should arise and the person is unable to keep the appointment, then he/she will call and make other arrangements. All is understood when an American says “yes.” In the same situation, saying “yes.” doesn’t mean that a Chinese will meet at the agreed time and place. The Chinese is saying “yes.”, he/she likes and respects you and, therefore, wants to please you. If you understand this you will know that he/she may or may not be at the meeting. If he/she is not, you
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