Unit5Canada—“The True North”语法篇
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要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法---名词性从句中的同位语从句。
一、同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些
名词后面，用以解释和说明前面的名词的内容。后面常接同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message，doubt ，belief ，thought， certainty ，truth ，question， reason， reply， possibility，suggestion。 二、同位语从句在句中的位置
1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后 面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
E.g. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
E.g.I've come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做间隔式同 位语从句。
E.g.The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
E.g.The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 三、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。
E.g.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？
E.g.Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。
E.g.Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。 四、同位语从句连接词的选用
引导同位语从句的词有连词that，whether、连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when,
why, how等
1.由that,whether引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词只起引导作用，不在从句中作任何成分 E.g.We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 E.g.They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
E.g.The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。 E.g.I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。 E.g.He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
E.g.There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。
E.g.The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。 E.g.We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意1】若被同位语从句修饰的名词是下列名词时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气即“should+do”,should常常省略常常可省略。这些词有：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word等。 E.g.They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。 E.g.They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。 E.g.The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
E.g.The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 E.g. He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
【注意3】表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether而不用if引导同位语从句。 E.g.I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her.
我不知道你是否有兴趣为她工作。
E.g.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
【注意4】在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。
E.g.We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
E.g.There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。
2.由连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。
E.g.I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 E.g.It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。 E.g.He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。 E.g.You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急！ E.g. Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? E.g. I have no idea which one I should choose.我不知道该选哪一个。 五、同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别：
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea/ fact/news/ hope /belief/ suggestion/ proposal/ word
/thought/doubt/truth/possibility/promise/order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
E.g.The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论
大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)
E.g.We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)
E.g.Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)
E.g.Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。 (定语从句)
E.g.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句) E.g.His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。 (定语从句,代词all作先行词) 2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前
面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。
E.g.The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
E.g.The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)
E.g.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,
我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言) E.g.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。
E.g.That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句)
E.g.I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作
宾语时常常省略
that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。
E.g.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)
E.g.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略) 用中文举个例子
1.我不相信他是小偷的事实（同位） “事实”同“他是小偷”是同一件事情 2.我不相信他告诉我的事实
“事实”同“他告诉我”不是同一件事
1.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
解析：根据句意“唯一能在最高级别（体育竞赛中）胜出的方法就是完全相信在运动场上你比其他任何人都优秀。”本题空格处引导的句子作belief的同位语，故用that。 答案：B。
2. (2014浙江绍兴一中期中))Even if there is no scientific proof ______second-hand smoking causes cancer, there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk. A. which
B.that
C. when
D. where
解析：根据句意“即使没有科学证据表明吸二手烟会致癌，也没有理由让不吸烟的人们被迫去冒这种危险”此处proof后是同位语从句，说明proof的内容，而同位语从句意思完整，不缺少成分，所以用that引导。