直接引语和间接引语：
直接引语：直接引用别人的话，加引号
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号 1. He said, “ I’m a student.” →He said he was a student.
2. He asked us, “Have you finished reading this book?”
→He asked us if/whether we had finished reading that book?” 3. The teacher asked. “Where are you going next week?” →The teacher asked where we were going the next week
★首先用什么样的连接词引出宾语从句，从句陈述语序及人称变化、时态变化和时间状语的变化。 直接→间接
1）时态变化 谓语动词变化
直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变
将来进行时 过去将来进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时
2）指示代词、时间状语和动词要作调整。
直接引语 间接引语 指示 this that 代词 these those
now then today that day tonight that night 时间 this week that week 状语 yesterday the day before last week the week before three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next day/the following day next week the next week/the following week
地点 here there 状语
动词 come go bring take
3)肯定的祈使句变成不定式形式 否定的祈使句变成否定不定式形式
Our parents told us, “Learn English well!” →Our parents told us to learn English well.
The teacher said to me, “Don’t read that novel!”
→The teacher wanted/asked/told me not to read that novel.
例句： Mary told me yesterday, “He will call you tomorrow.”
“I like playing the piano after supper,” Tina said.
“Do you often write to your friends?” he asked me.
“Don’t make too much noise.” The teacher said to the students.
“Keep quiet,”he said to his son.
宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的连接词：
1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that一般可省略。 The teacher told us (that) she was a good girl.
2）当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用whether或if引导，表示“是否”。 Nobody knows whether he likes to go to school or not.
He hasn’t decided if/whether he’ll go on a trip to Shanghai. I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. *只能用whether而不能用if的情况： Whether后可直接跟不定式，if则不能。
He does not know whether to work or play. 在介词之后只能用whether,不能用if。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 跟or not连用时用whether而不用if。
I am not sure whether he will come back home tomorrow or not. 3）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词
连接代词：wh- who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever, whatever, whichever. 连接副词：when, why, why, how, whenever, wherever, however He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
Could you please show me how you read the new panel.
2. 宾语从句的语序-----陈述语序：按照主语、谓语的顺序 1）whether或if引导
例句：I want to know whether you can come or not.
I didn't know whether they could pass the exam or not. 2）连接代词和连接副词引导
例句：He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon. Do you know why winter is colder than summer?
例题：—Do you know _______ the man with glasses is? —A reporter, I think.
A. what B. that C. who D. where Could you tell me _______?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing —You speak good English. Could you tell me _______?
—You’d better communicate with others in English as much as possible.
A. how can I improve my English B. how I can improve my English C. how could I improve my English 否定前移：当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe，suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即：主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
例句：I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe she will take part in the English evening.
3. 宾语从句的时态--------主现从不限，主过从四过
1）当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句可以根据实际需要用各种时态： 例句：He asks Mr.Hu if he can give Jim some work.
He says that Jim isn’t lazy.
He knows she’ll be back in a week.
He says it was very cold in Moscow then.
2）如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去时的某种形式： 从句动作与主句动作 从句时态
紧接发生 一般过去时 同时发生 过去进行时 一前一后 过去完成时 一后一前 过去将来时
例句：Mr. King didn’t know when his son came home yesterday evening.
She said she was reading a storybook at seven yesterday. She said they had seen this film several times.
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
注意：如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，则其谓语动词仍用一般现在时：
例句：The teacher told us yesterday that the moon travels round the earth
once every month. He told me that the earth is round. 例题：He wanted to know _______ the English party. A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when did they visit D. when we would have
The man asked me if I _______ him the way to the bus stop.
A. can tell B. could tell C. will tell D. tell He told me that he _______ a cold for three days.
A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has has Could you tell me _______ yesterday?
A. what they do B. what they did C. what do they do D. what did they do I knew that the sun _______ in the east when I was a child.
A. rises B. rose C. will rise D. has risen The teacher wanted to know _______.
A. why was he late for school B. how he call answer this question
C. if he could finish them on time D. whether his parents are strict with him
4. 宾语从句的简化 1）宾从的主语和主句主语相同且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构： I hope that I can receive your e-mail. = I hope to receive your e-mail.
2) 宾从的主语和主句主语相同且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构： She doesn’t know what she should do next. = She doesn’t know what to do next.
3) 动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式来简化，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语， seem(适当时态形式)作谓语 It seems that football is very interesting. = Football seems to be very interesting. 例句： He didn’t know________.
A. where to go B. where should he go C. where he should go —We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. —Really? Will you please show me _______ it? A. how to use B. what to use C. how can I use D. what can I use
练习：
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? Could you tell us ________ Mr. Brown _______ living in China? 2. “ Does the girl need any help?” he asked me. He asked me _______ the girl_______some help.
3. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know _______ Peter_______ here yesterday. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know. I want to know _______ the train _______.
5. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
6. —Could you tell us _______ ? —Because the traffic is bad.
A. if she comes late B. how does she come late
C. why does she come late D. why she comes late
7. —Do you know _______ the girl in red is? —I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.
A. when B. how C. where D. what 8. —Did Mrs King leave a message?
—Yes. She wanted to know _______ this Sunday. A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping C. that you will go shopping
D. when will you go shopping with her
9. —I’m a teenager’s mother. Sometimes I don’t know _______. —Love and understanding. A. what my son needs most
B. what does my son want to get
C. why my son gets annoyed very often
10. —What did your father ask you just now? —He asked me_______. A. whom I was chatting with B. where I am with my friends C. when would I go home
D. if I have finished my homework