21.(本题满分16分)如图,给定凸四边形ABCD,?B??D?180,P是平面上的动点,令f(P)?PA?BC?PD?CA?PC?AB.
(1)求证:当f(P)达到最小值时,P、A、B、C四点共圆; (2)设E是?ABC外接圆O的AB上一点,满足:
BCAE3,?3?1,?ECAB2?ECB?
1又DAD,C?ECA,
2是O的切线,AC?2,求f(P)的最小值.
2013温州中学自主招生数学模拟题答案
一.选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,满分50分。
题号 1 答案 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B
二.填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,满分30分。
11. √6+√3-√2-2 12.-15.5 13.6
14.1 15. 1 351 373 940. 16. (a+b)(c-d)
三.解答题:本大题共5小题,满分70分,解答时应写出相应的解题过程证明过程及演算步骤。
17.解:ab?a?1?ab?a?abc?a(b?1?bc) ?a1?
ab?a?1b?1?bc而ac?c?1?ac?c?abc?c(a?1?ba)?ac(b?1?bc)
?c1?
ac?c?1a(b?1?bc)1b1a?ab?1????1
bc?b?1bc?b?1a(bc?b?1)a(b?1?bc)?原式=
18. (1) ∵OABC是平行四边形,∴AB∥OC,且AB = OC = 4,
∵A,B在抛物线上,y轴是抛物线的对称轴, ∴ A,B的横坐标分别是2和– 2, 代入y =
12x+1得, A(2, 2 ),B(– 2,2), 4∴M (0,2), (2) ① 过点Q作QH ? x轴,设垂足为H, 则HQ = y ,HP = x–t ,
yx?t?, 即: t = x – 2y , 241212 ∵ Q(x,y) 在y = x+1上, ∴ t = –x+ x –2.
42由△HQP∽△OMC,得:
当点P与点C重合时,梯形不存在,此时,t = – 4,解得x = 1?5, 当Q与B或A重合时,四边形为平行四边形,此时,x = ? 2
∴x的取值范围是x ? 1?5, 且x?? 2的所有实数.
② 分两种情况讨论:
1)当CM > PQ时,则点P在线段OC上, ∵ CM∥PQ,CM = 2PQ ,
∴点M纵坐标为点Q纵坐标的2倍,即2 = 2(∴t = –
12x+1),解得x = 0 , 4120+ 0 –2 = –2 . 22)当CM < PQ时,则点P在OC的延长线上, ∵CM∥PQ,CM =
1PQ, 2∴点Q纵坐标为点M纵坐标的2倍,即当x = –23时,得t = –
12x+1=2?2,解得: x = ?23. 41(23)2–23–2 = –8 –23, 当x =23时, 得t =23–8. 2?,199}19. 解:(1)将集合I?{1,2,3,的所有元素分组为{1,199}、{2,198}、……、{99,101}、{100},共100组;由已知得,集合A的100个元素只能从以上100个集合中
各取一个元素组成.
∵以上100个集合中,奇数同时出现,且含奇数的集合共50个, ∴集合A的所有元素之和必为偶数.
(2)不妨设a1,a2,?,a99为依次从以上前99个集合中选取的元素,a100?100, 且记各集合的落选元素分别为b1,b2,?,b99,则ai?bi?200,(i?1,2,?,99), 由于1?2?3???n=
2222n(n?1)(2n?1)
622222∴ (a1?a2?a3???a1200)+(b12?b2???b99)
=1?2?3???199=
2222199(199?1)(2?199?1)=2646700,……①
619800, 而(a1?a2???a99)+(b1?b2???b99)=200?99=(a1?a2???a99)=10002-100=9902,
∴ (b1?b2???b99)=19800-9902=9898 ∴ (a1?a2?a3???a100)-(b1?b2???b99)
222=(a1?b1)+(a2?b2)+…+(a99 ?b99)+a1002=(a1?b1)(a1?b1)+(a2?b2)(a2?b2)+…+(a99?b99)(a99?b99)+a100
22222222222=200[(a1?a2???a99)-(b1?b2???b99)])+10000
(9902?9898)?10000=10800 ……② =2002222由①②得:(a1?a2?a3???a100)=1328750 .
20. 解:ab(a2?b2)?bc(b2?c2)?ca(c2?a2)
??(a?b)(b?c)(c?a)(a?b?c).
设a?b?x,b?c?y,c?a?z,a?b?c?s,则a2?b2?c2?原不等式成为
122(x?y?2z?2s). 3M(x2?y2?z2?s2)2≥9|xyzs|(x?y?z?0).
x,y,z中两个同号而与另一个反号.不妨设 x,y≥0.则
1|z|?x?y,x2?y2≥(x?y)2,(x?y)2≥4xy.于是由算术-几何平均不等式
23111(x2?y2?z2?s2)2≥((x?y)2?s2)2=((x?y)2?(x?y)2?(x?y)2?s2)2
22221≥(44(x?y)6s2)2?42(x?y)3|s|≥162|xyzs|
8即M?92时原不等式成立. 32等号在s?2,x?y?1,z??2,即a:b:c?(2?3):2:(2?3)时达到,故所求的最小的M?92. 3221.由托勒密不等式,对平面上的任意点P,有 PA?BC?PC?AB?PB?AC.因此
f(P)?PA?BC?PC?AB?PD?CA?PB?CA?PD?CA?(PB?PD)?CA.
因为上面不等式当且仅当P、A、B、C顺次共圆时取等号,因此当且仅当P在?ABC的外接圆且在AC上时,f(P)?(PB?PD)?CA. 又因PB?PD?BD,此不等式当且仅当B,P,D共线且P在BD上时取等号.因此当且仅当P为?ABC的外接圆与BD的交点时,f(P)取最小值f(P)min?AC?BD.故当f(P)达最小值时,P、A、B、C四点共圆. (2)记?ECB??,则?ECA?2?,由正弦定理有
AEsin2?3,从而??ABsin3?23sin3??2sin2?,即3(3sin??4sin3?)?4sin?cos?,所以
33?43(1?cos2?)?4cos??0,整理得43cos2??4cos??3?0,
解得co?s?31或cos???(舍去),故??30,?ACE?60. 由已知223BC?3?1=ECsin??EAC?300?sin?EAC,有sin(?EAC?30)?(3?1)sin?EAC,即
312?31sin?EAC?cos?EAC?(3?1)sin?EAC,整理得sin?EAC?cos?EAC,22221故tan?EAC??2?3,可得?EAC?75,从而?E?45,
2?3?DAC??DCA??E?45,?ADC为等腰直角三角形.因AC?2,则CD?1.又?ABC也是等腰直角三角形,故BC?2,BD2?1?2?2?1?2cos135?5,BD?5.故
f(P)min?BD?AC?5?2?10.