Exercise 7 (10’3)
Listening Part:
【Spot Dictation】
You probably know that asthma can cause breathing problems, so can kids with asthma play sports. _____________________________(1).Being active and playing sports is an especially good idea if you have asthma. Why? Because it can ________________________________(2). So they work better.
Some athletes with asthma have done more than developed stronger lungs. They've played ________________________________(3) and they've even won medals at the Olympic Games. Some sports are less likely to bother a person's asthma. ________________________________(4) are less likely to trigger flare-ups and so are sports like baseball, football and gymnastics. In some sports, you need to ________________________________.(5)These activities may be harder for people with asthma. They ________________________________ (6), cycling, soccer, basketball, cross-country skiing, ________________________________(7).But that doesn't mean you can't play these sports if ________________________________(8).In fact, many athletes with asthma have found that with the ________________________________(9), they can do any sport they choose.
But before playing sports, it's important that your asthma is ________________________________(10).That means you are having lots of ________________________________(11).To make this happen, it's very important that you ________________________________ (12)just as your doctor tells you to. Even when ________________________________(13), your doctor will also tell you other things you can do to avoid flare-ups. This may mean ________________________________(14) when there is a lot of pollen in the air. wearing ________________________________(15) when you play outside during the winter. Or making sure you always have time for ________________________________(16).
Make sure your coach and teammates know about your asthma. That way, they will understand if you ________________________________ (17) because of breathing trouble. It's also helpful if your coach ________________________________(18) if you have a flare-up. Listen to your body, and _______________________________(19) your doctor gave you for handling breathing problems. And if you can keep your asthma in good control, you will be in the game and ________________________________(20)!
【Listening Comprehension】
Listening Comprehension 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. 1. (A) The kids. (B) The traffic. (C) The sports. (D) The parking.
2. (A) She was trapped in traffic. (B) She dropped her wallet.
(C) She broke her arm. (D) She was fined for parking.
3. (A) She finds city living to be ideal. (B) She thinks living in the city in a big deal. (C) She feels uncomfortable with the dirt. (D) She complains about noise.
4. (A) Watching gray building in the rain. (B) Hiking in the surrounding woods. (C) Mixing with tourists on the streets. (D)Visiting the park on bright sunny days.
5. (A) A big city. (B) The country. (C) A mountain village. (D)A small town.
Listening Comprehension 2
Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6. (A) Mr. Gordon Brown‘s proposal was announced at the conference in Copenhagen. (B) The fund would be available to the poorest and most vulnerable countries alone. (C) The proposed fund is intended to help poorer countries deal with climate change. (D) The total fund would be 10 billion British pounds in total over three years.
7. (A) 0.1 %. (B) 0.4 %. (C) 1.2 %. (D) 3 %.
8. (A) To ask for a suspension of its massive debt repayments. (B) To restore confidence of Western investors across the Gulf.
(C) To carefully plan a six-month delay on payments on Dubai World. (D) To turn to Asian countries for help in the global financial crisis.
9. (A) To demonstrate their support for the Doha Round of global trade negotiations. (B) To ask to review all the activities of the world trade body in recent years. (C) To accuse multinational companies of neglecting the interests of the poor. (D) To protest against a WTO ministerial conference starting on Monday.
10. (A) At least 27 passengers dead. (B) 26 killed and scores injured. (C) Hundreds of people dead. (D) Casualty figures yet unknown.
Listening Comprehension 3
Questions 11-15 are based on the following interview.
11. (A) Making people live in harmony and balance with nature. (B) Keeping evil spirits out of people‘s life.
(C) Ordering buildings, rooms and corridors conveniently.
(D) Making a home or office look clean and orderly.
12. (A) Scandinavian. (B) Irish. (C) Norwegian. (D) British.
13. (A) Scandinavia. (B) The US.
(C) Asia. (D) Southern Europe.
14. (A) Asking a seismologist for advice before starting a building project. (B) Building a house that would stay up in the earthquake. (C) Having a one-way street sign removed. (D) Pointing a road sign toward a house.
15. (A) He chose to buy his home because of feng-shui (风水). (B) He arranged his office at home according to feng-shui.
(C) He made sure that his rooms have great views out the window. (D) He had a feng-shui master put the furniture in his home.
Listening Comprehension 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (A) A client at the shopping mall. (B) A shopping mall employee. (C) A shopping mall employer.
(D) A policeman suspected of child abuse.
17. (A) Spanking is done out of anger. (B) Spanking a child is discipline.
(C) Spanking could be a form of child abuse.
(D) Spanking might earn up to five years in prison.
18. (A) Spanked children don‘t respect their parents. (B) Spanking teaches children to fear their parents (C) Children learn to solve problems with violence. (D) Pain helps children learn right and wrong.
19. (A) There are many harmful effects of spanking.
(B) Spanking can lead to more violet behavior in children.
(C) Sometimes spanking is the best way to get a child‘s attention.
(D) Corporal punishment is not as effective as other forms of discipline.
20. (A) 85% (B) 70% (C) 62% (D) 36%
【Note taking & Gap filling】
Let‘s talk about the social condition that many people might be concerned about today. There are a few that I wanted to touch on, but the first one is the one I mentioned in the introduction-crime in New York city. Crime was a problem for a very long time in New York city and it was rising, and rising and rising. And then it started dropping. And I suppose there could be a number of different reasons for it, but I can‘t really find that anybody really knows exactly for sure what caused it.
Crime is such a fundamentally _______(1) thing that once we reach the kind of tipping point, and once certain influential people in communities hard-hit by crime, stop behaving in that way. It was contagious. And there was a kind of sea change that happens all at once. Maybe we can go into those little triggers, because I find it‘s really interesting.Because we are talking about such a big change that takes place. Being triggered by very small things, and what do you think some of those were?
Well, I‘m very impressed by this idea called the ―broken window theory‖, which is an idea George Kelling has put forth in New England. He‘s argued for some time, that criminals and criminal behavior is acutely sensitive to environmental cues, and he uses the example, the brok en window. If there‘s a car sitting on the street with the broken window, it is an _______(2) to someone to vandalize the car. Why? Because a broken window on a car symbolizes the fact that no one cares about the car, no one is in _______(3), no one is watching. And if you think about it, this is a fundamentally different idea about _______(4) than the kind of ideas that we‘ve been carrying for the past 25 years. We have been told by cons ervatives over and over again that crime is the result of _______(5) failure, of something deep and _______(6) within the hearts and souls and brains of _______(7). That a criminal is by definition, in the sword of cons ervative topology, someone who is in_______(8) to their _______(9), right? They just go out and commit crimes, because that‘s who they are. They are criminals. Well, Kelling came along and said,‖well, no, no, a criminal is like all of us, someone acutely sensitive to what‘s going on in the environment. And by making _______(10) changes in the environment, you can encourage and _______(11) much more socially _______(12) behavior.‖
Well, in New York, we have the perfect test case of that idea. It starts in the subway. You know, in the early 1980s.they decided to clean up the subway. Well, how did they do it? The subway was a complete _______(13) right? It was. Crime rates were going through the _______(14). They bring in a man who was a big disciple of this idea, of broken windows. And what does he do? Well, the first thing he does is he picks up all the _______(15). The second thing he does is he cleans up the _______(16), and the third thing he does is he says from now on, no one will ever jump a turnstile in the New York city‘s subway station again. He put corps by the turnstiles, and if someone jumps, he arrests them. Everybody said he was crazy. But you‘ve got a subway system where people are killing, and robbing, and assaulting and raping each other, and what do you do? You go after the two kinds of criminality, that the only two kinds of criminality that in fact don‘t hurt anybody else, right? Turnstile _______(17) and graffiti, you know, littering and graffiti. But it turns out that those were tipping points. Once they put those three chan ges in place, the subway starts to come around really quiet _______(18). It‘s because if you are on a subway that‘s clean and if you are walking into the subway, and no one is allowed to jump the turnstile any more, all the sudden, everyone gets the message that someone is in charge, and somebody _______(19) about this. It‘s not a space that _______(20) this kind of criminal
behavior.
Sentence Translation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Passage translation (1) (2)
Reading Part:
Questions 1—5
On the worst days, Chris Keehn used to go 24 hours without seeing his daughter with her eyes open. A soft-spoken tax accountant in Deloitte‘s downtown Chicago office, he hated saying no when she asked for a ride to preschool. By November, he‘d had enough. ―I realized that I can have control of this,‖ he says with a small shrug.Keehn, 33, met with two of the firm‘s partners and his senior manager, telling them he needed a change.They went for it. In January,Keehn started telecommuting four days a week, and when Kathryn, 4, starts T-ball this summer, he will be sitting along the baseline.
In this economy, Keehn‘s move might sound like hopping onto the mommy track—or off the career track. But he‘s actually making a shrewd move.More and more, companies are searching for creative ways to save—by experimenting with reduced hours or unpaid furloughs or asking employees to move laterally. The up-or-out model, in which employees have to keep getting promoted quickly or get lost, may be growing outmoded. The changing expectations could persist after the economy reheats. Companies are increasingly supporting more natural growth, letting employees wend their way upward like climbing vines.It‘s a shift, in other words, from a corporate ladder to the career-path metaphor long preferred by Deloitte vice chair Cathy Benko: a lattice.
At Deloitte, each employee‘s lattice is nailed together during twice-a-year evaluations focused not just on career targets but also on larger life goals. An employee can request to do more or less travel or client service, say, or to move laterally into a new role—changes that may or may not come with a pay cut. Deloitte‘s data from 2008 suggest that about 10% of employees choose to ―dial up‖ or ―dial down‖ at any given time. Deloitte‘s Mass Career Customization (MCC) program began as a way to keep talented women in the workforce, but it has quickly become clear that