perpendicular to垂直于
vertically mounted垂直/立式安装 circumferential环向 axial轴向 periphery周边
1.10.2. 材料失效术语
corrosion腐蚀
stress corrosion cracking应力腐蚀开裂 rapture, fracture, break断裂 breach破口 肿胀 swelling cavitation气蚀 pitting点蚀/孔蚀
crevice corrosion缝隙腐蚀 erosion冲蚀
FAC flow accelerated corrosion流动加速腐蚀 wastage耗蚀
(SG tube) dent凹陷，凹痕 fatigue疲劳 ageing老化 degradation降级 wear磨损
fretting wear微动磨损 creep蠕变 stress应力 strain应变
creep strength蠕变强度 tensile strength抗拉强度 yield strength屈服强度 rapture strength断裂强度
nil-ductility transition temperature零延性转变温度 thermal stress热应力 irradiation swelling辐照肿胀
deposit welding, overlaying, build-up welding, surface welding堆焊 seal weld密封焊
heat affected zone (HAZ) 焊接热影响区
1.10.3. 核电工程术语
procurement征购 site厂址
call for bid, call for tender招标 commercial offer商务标 technical offer技术标 commencement开工 contract合同
firm contract不可更改的合同 subcontract分包合同 commitment承诺，任务 job site工地，工作现场 technical requirement 技术要求 技术规格 technical specification non-conformance不符合项 delivery交货
warehouse仓库
construction schedule施工计划 Free on Board (FOB) 离岸价格
Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF) 到岸价格
Engineering, Procurement & Construction EPC合同-设计采购建造 power grid电网
distribution system输变电系统
1.10.4. 其它
compound化合物 mixture混合物 mass质量 momentum动量 energy能量
potential (energy) 势能 kinetic energy动能 inertia惯性 half-life半衰期
mean free path平均自由程 fuel cycle燃料循环 hot spot热点
hot-channel factor热管因子
departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) 偏离泡核沸腾比 heat transfer传热 heat exchanger换热器 heat conduction导热 convection对流
热辐射 thermal / heat radiation 干度 quality 蒸汽 steam
预应力钢筋混凝土 prestressed reinforced concrete / prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 铁钢沙混凝土 Steel shot concret 筋，钢筋束 tendon 流量分配 flow distribution 电网 power grid 业主 utility 承包商 contractor 分包商 sub-contractor 压降 pressure drop 压差differential pressure 水位 (water) level
规定，条款；保障；装备 provision 地震 earthquake 地震的 seismic 飓风 tornado
暖通空调 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 热阱 heat sink 惰转 coastdown 惰转流量coastdown flow
功率失常激增，功率漂移 power excursion 减轻，缓解 v. mitigate, n. mitigation 公差、容差 allowance 间隙，公差 clearance 权重因子 weighting factor
1.11. 有必要了解的词汇与短语
as a rule of thumb根据经验 by orders of magnitude以数量级 incipient failure早期故障, 初期故障 eliminate, elimination消除
derive, derivation, deduce, deduction导出，起源 mechanism, approach, principle, theory机理，原理 susceptible敏感的 susceptibility敏感性 toxic有毒的 acute急剧的 inherit遗传 hereditary遗传性的 altitude高度
postulate, postulation假定，假设 permeable可渗透的, 有渗透性的 impermeable不可渗透的 brittle fracture脆性破裂 embrittlement脆化 toughness韧性 ductility延展性
第2章 阅读理解题练习
2.1. Passage 1