Module 2 My family this, these, that, those
1. this, that, these和those在英语中称作指示代词。this和that是单数,复数是these和those。指示代词含有方向性,用来指示或标识人或物。this, these指较近的人或物,that, those指较远的人或物。
This is my family photo. 这是我的全家照。 That’s my pencil. 那是我的铅笔。 These are my parents. 这是我的父母。
Those are Uncle Paul’s son and daughter. 那是保罗叔叔的儿子和女儿。
2. 指示代的疑问句是把助动词提到指示代词之前,答语中this, that一般用it代替,these和those用they代替。
This is a farm. 这是一个农场。 (肯定句) Is this a farm? 这是一个农场吗? (一般疑问句) Yes, it is. 是的,它是。 (肯定回答) No, it isn’t. 不,它不是。 (否定回答)
Those are my grandparents. 那是我的外祖父母。 (肯定句)
Are those your grandparents? 那是你的外祖父母吗?(一般疑问句) 注意人称变化 Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。 (肯定回答) No, they aren’t. 不,他们不是。 (否定回答) 3. 指示代词可以单独使用,也可修饰名词。 These are desks and those are chairs. 这些是桌子,那些是椅子。
These boys are from Class One. Those girls are from Class Two. 这些男孩来自一班。那些女孩来自二班。
语法专练
用this, that, these, those, they, it填空。 1. Look here. What’s ________? _______ is a photo of my family.
2. Can you see the man over there? Is ______ Lily’s father? 3. Are _______ your books in this bag? No, _______ aren’t.
4. Are these boys from America? Yes, _______ are.
5. Are ________ Uncle Paul’s son and daughter in that photo? Yes, _______ are.
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Module 3 My school there be句型的用法
1. there be句型表示“某处有某物”或“某处有某人”等,各种句式见下表: 肯定 否定 疑问 回答 There is a computer There isn’t computer Is there a Yes, there is. on the teacher’s on the teacher’s computer on the 是的,有。 desk. desk. teacher’s desk? No, there 老师的讲桌上有台老师的讲桌上没有老师的讲桌上有isn’t. 电脑。 电脑。 电脑吗? 不,没有。 There is some hot There isn’t any hot Is there any hot Yes, there is. water for you. water for you. water for me? 是的,有。 给你准备了些热水。 没有给你准备热水。 有给我准备热水No, there 吗? isn’t. 不,没有。 There are some There aren’t any Are there any Yes, there buildings in our buildings in our buildings in your are. 是的,school. school. school? 有。 No, 在我们学校里有一在我们学校里没有你们学校有一些there aren’t. 些建筑物。 建筑物。 建筑物吗? 不,没有。 2. there be 句型中的主语是be动词后的名词,所以be动词的单复数取决于be动词后名词的单复数形式,注意be动词的单复数遵循就近原则,即第一个名词的单复数决定be动词的单复数。
There is some furniture and books in the library. 图书馆里有一些家具和书籍。
There are some books and furniture in the library. 图书馆里有一些书和家具。
语法专练
按要求完成下列题目。
1. There are some computers in the classroom.(改为否定句) _______ ________ ________ ________ in the classroom.
2. There are some pictures on the wall. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_______ ________ ________ ________ on the wall? _______, ________ _________. _______, ________ _________.
3. There is a television and some computers in the computer room. (改为同义句)
_______ ________ ________ ________ and a television in the computer room. 4. There are six science labs in the science building. (对画线部分提问) _______ ________ ________ ________ _________ in the science building?
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介词或介词短语表示方位
一、英语中的介词或介词短语可以表示方位。介词又称前置词,它不能单独作句子的成分,必须与句词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语构成介词短词才能充当句子的成分。
1. at在(某地点):at the station 在车站 at school 在学校
2. in在??上/里:in the playground 在操场上 in the library 在图书馆里 3. on在??上:on the desk 在桌面上 on the blackboard 在黑板上
4. near在附近:near the school gate 在学校大门附近 near the hotel 在旅馆附近
5. behind在??后面:behind the building 在建筑物的后面 behind the wall 在墙的后面
6. on the left/right 在左/右边
7. in front of 在??前面(不在物体范围内)
The library is in front of the science building. 图书馆在科学楼的前面。 8. in the front of (在物体范围内)
The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom. 老师的讲桌在教室的前面。 9. in the middle of 在??中间
The playground is in the middle of the school. 操场在学校的中间。
10. between 在??之间 between…and… 在??和??之间 The library is between the dining hall and the science lab. 图书馆在餐厅和科学实验室之间。 二、介词短语在句中的作用:
1. 修饰名词,位于名词的后面,翻译时常根据汉语习惯放在名词前。 The building on the left is the sports hall. 左边的建筑物是体育馆。
2. 位于be动词的后面,说明主语所处的位置。 The sports hall is on the left. 体育馆在左边。 3. 修饰动词,说明动作发生的地点。 Write it on the left. 把它写在左边。
语法专练
1. Is Tony _______ Tom’s right?
Yes. Tom is ________ the left _______ Tony. 2. Is the library ________ the sports hall? No, it’s in front of it. 3. Where is the library?
It’s _______ the school gate.
4. The office building is ________ the library and the science building. 5. Let’s put up some pictures ________ the wall. 6. There are many people ________ the station.
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Module 4 Healthy food have/has got的用法
1. have/has got 的用法。
have/has got意为“有,拥有”,用于口语中,同have/has。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。肯定句句型为“主语+have/has got +名词或代词”,变疑问句时把have/has提到主语之前;变否定句时,在have/has后加not。答语中使用助动词have/has来回答。助动词have/has可以和主语构成缩写形式,也可以和not构成缩写形式haven’t或hasn’t。
We have got some meat in the fridge. (= We’ve got some meat in the fridge.) 我们冰箱里还有些肉。
She has got some chocolate. (肯定句) 她有一些巧克力。
She hasn’t got any chocolate. (否定句) 她没有巧克力。
Has she got any chocolate? (一般疑问句) 她有一些巧克力吗?
Yes, she has. 是的,她有。 No, she hasn’t. 不,她没有。 2. have/has got与there be句型。
两者民“有”相关,have/has got表示“拥有,有”,即一种所属关系,主语通常是人或机构、组织等;there be句型的“有”表示某地有某物或某人,强调的是一种客观存在,主语是there be句型后的名词或代词。
Tony has got two basketballs. 托尼有两个篮球。
There are two basketballs behind the door. 门后面有两个篮球。
注意:表示机构或组织“有”时,there be句型或have/has got有时可以通用。
Our school has a large playground. 我们学校有一个大操场。
There is a large playground in our school. 我们学校里有一个大操场。
语法专练 句型转换
1. She has got some chocolate. (改为否定句) She _______ _______ ________ chocolate.
2. I have got some rice for meals everyday. (改为一般疑问句并做否定回答) ________ ________ _________ ________ rice for meals every day? ________, ________ ________.
3. Our school has six buildings. (改为同义句)
_______ ________ _________ ________ in our school.
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Some, Any的用法
some表达的是一个确定的概念,表示“一些”,因此常用于肯定句中;当我们不知道是否有某物/人时,用any。any常用于疑问句或否定句中,强调“任何”。some, any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
We’ve got some noodles for breakfast. 我们早餐吃面条。
Have you got any noodles for breakfast? 你早餐吃面条了吗?
There isn’t any furniture in the new house. 在新房里没有任何的家具。
注意:some用于疑问句时,是说话者持肯定的语气,希望得到肯定的回答;any用于肯定句时,起强调作用,表示“任何”。
The fish is delicious. Would you like some? 这鱼很可口。你想要一些吗? Any time is OK. I’m free. 任何时间都行,我有空。
语法专练
用some和any填空。
1. Are there _______ maps on the wall? Yes, there are.
2. Have you got ______ uncles?
Yes, and I have got _______ aunts too. 3. There is ______ meat and fish for lunch.
4. We haven’t got _______ beef. Let’s buy _______. 5. Is there ________ cheese? No, there isn’t _______.
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