银北高速南金隧道左线施工图设计
摘 要：安化至新化南金隧道是一座上下行分离的双向四车道中隧道，全线位于安化县
南金乡南金村境内，本隧道是安化至新化的重要交通路线。严格按照现行公路隧道设计规范和设计任务书的要求，本设计只进行安化至新化南金隧道左线的施工图设计，公路设计等级为高速公路，设计时速为80km/h,隧道全长697m。衬砌结构计算方面，洞身段主要采用复合式衬砌，初次支护采用弹塑性理论（地层结构法），考虑地层与围岩之间的相互作用，进行锚喷支护的设计与计算；二次衬砌运用有限元软件进行结构内力分析并根据分析结果进行配筋和验算。洞门设计方面，充分考虑洞口位置的地形、地质情况，安化端采用翼墙式洞门，新化端采用端墙式洞门翼墙式洞门。隧道通风采用射流式纵向通风；照明采用钠光灯照明。排水方面，遵照“截、堵、排”相结合的设计原则处理地下水的问题。施工方面，采用新奥地利隧道施工法，从两端洞门同时进行开挖,根据不同围岩级别分段施工，主要采用全断面法，单向侧壁导坑开挖法和台阶法，以及光面爆破，并进行合理的施工组织设计。
关键词：隧道；复合式衬砌；洞门；新奥地利隧道施工法
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The construction drawing design of the left line in yin bei
highway nan jin tunnel
Abstract: The Nanjin tunnel from Anhua to Xinhua is an ascending-descending
separation bidirectional four vehicle traffic lanes priest tunnel, which locates at Nanjin village Nanjin town in the Anhua District ,this tunnel is important transportation route from Anhua to Xinhua. According to the request of present highway tunnel design standard and the design project description', this design only carries on tunnel left line construction drawing design from Anhua to Xinhua, whose highway design rank is the highway, the design speed is 80km/h, and the tunnel span 697m. In the term of lining work structure computation, the hole figure mainly uses composite lining, the primary supports and protections use the elasto-plasticity theory (stratal configuration law) , conside the nteraction between stratum and country rock, and adopt the design and cayulation of shotcrete-anchorage support; Secondary lining carries on the structure endogenic force analysis using the finite element software and carrIes on the reinforcing bars and the checking calculation based on the analysis results. In the tunnel portal design aspect, having fully considered the terrain of tunnel openning , the geological situation, the end of Anhua section tunnel uses the wing wall type portal the end wall type portal, the Xinhua’s end uses the end wall type portal. The tunnel ventilation uses longitudinal ventilation of the jet flow type; The illumination uses the sodium lamp illumination. In the draining water aspect, the design deals with the question of the underground water following the principle of the truncation, stops up, the platoon. In the construction aspect, the design uses NATM tunnel technology,excavates from the both sides of portal .carries on partition construction basied on the different adjacent formation rank, the construction function mainly adopts the excavation method of unidirectional sidewall guiding hole, benching tunnelling method, as well as perimeter blasting, and carries on the reasonable construction organization plan.
keyword：Tunnel；Composite lining；Tunnel portal；NATM
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目 录
第一章 绪论 .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1隧道简介 ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1隧道及其分类 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2隧道的作用及其优点 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1.3隧道工程及其发展 ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1.4新奥法施工 ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2目的和意义 ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1立题的目的: ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 立题的意义： ...................................................................................................................... 3 第二章 设计要求 .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1技术要求 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1主要的技术标准 ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2材料 ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2设计基本资料 ............................................................................................................................... 5 第三章 初步设计 .................................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 围岩分类 ...................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 横断面设计要点 .......................................................................................................................... 6 3.2.1隧道净空与限界的基本概念 ............................................................................................... 7 3.2.2 检修道和人行道的设计 ...................................................................................................... 8 3.2.3隧道衬砌标准内轮廓设计 ................................................................................................... 9 第四章 洞门设计 ................................................................................................................................ 11 4.1洞门设计步骤 ............................................................................................................................. 11 4.1.1确定洞门位置 ..................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.1.1洞口位置的确定应符合下列要求： ......................................................................... 11 4.1.1.2洞口地质条件 ............................................................................................................. 11 4.1.2确定洞门类型 ..................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.2.1洞门类型及适用条件 ................................................................................................. 12 4.1.2.2洞门形式的选择 ......................................................................................................... 13 4.1.3 洞门构造要求 .................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.4 验算满足条件 .................................................................................................................... 16 4.2洞门结构设计计算 ..................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1端墙式洞门设计计算 ......................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1.1计算参数 ..................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.1.2建筑材料的容重和容许应力 ..................................................................................... 17 4.2.1.3洞门各部尺寸的拟定 ................................................................................................. 17 4.2.2翼墙式洞门设计计算 ......................................................................................................... 18
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4.2.2.1计算参数 ..................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.2.2建筑材料的容重和容许应力 ..................................................................................... 18 4.2.2.3洞门各部尺寸的拟定 ................................................................................................. 18 4.3洞门验算 ..................................................................................................................................... 18 4.3.1 端墙式洞门验算 ................................................................................................................ 18 4.3.1.1洞门土压力计算 ......................................................................................................... 18 4.3.1.2抗倾覆验算 ................................................................................................................. 21 4.3.1.3抗滑动验算 ................................................................................................................. 21 4.3.1.4基底合力偏心矩验算 ................................................................................................. 22 4.3.1.5墙身截面偏心矩及强度验算 ..................................................................................... 22 4.3.2南金隧道安化端翼墙式洞门验算 ..................................................................................... 23 4.3.2.1洞门土压力计算 ......................................................................................................... 23 4.3.2.2抗倾覆验算 ................................................................................................................. 25 4.3.2.3抗滑动验算 ................................................................................................................. 27 4.3.2.4基底合力偏心矩验算 ................................................................................................. 27 4.3.2.5墙身截面偏心矩及强度验算 ..................................................................................... 28 第五章 隧道通风照明设计 ................................................................................................................ 29 5.1隧道通风设计 ............................................................................................................................. 29 5.1.1需风量计算 ......................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.1.1 CO排放量 ................................................................................................................... 31 5.1.1.2稀释CO的需风量 ....................................................................................................... 32 5.1.1.3烟雾排放量 ................................................................................................................. 32 5.1.1.4稀释烟雾的需风量 ..................................................................................................... 34 5.1.1.5稀释空气中异味的需风量 ......................................................................................... 34 5.1.1.6 风机设置 .................................................................................................................... 37 5.2 隧道照明设计 ............................................................................................................................ 37 5.2.1 洞外接近段照明 ................................................................................................................ 37 5.2.2 洞内照明 ............................................................................................................................ 37 5.2.3 照明计算 ............................................................................................................................ 39 5.3 防排水系统设计 ........................................................................................................................ 43 5.3.1 防排水的一般规定 ............................................................................................................ 43 5.3.2 隧道防排水设计 ................................................................................................................ 44 5.3.2.1防水工程 ..................................................................................................................... 44 5.3.2.2 隧道排水工程 ............................................................................................................ 46 5.3.2.3南金隧道防排水设计 ................................................................................................. 47 第六章 隧道衬砌设计 ........................................................................................................................ 49 6.1隧道洞身初期支护设计 ............................................................................................................. 49 6.1.1围岩压力计算 ..................................................................................................................... 49 6.1.1.1隧道的宽度B与高度Ht的确定 ............................................................................... 49 6.1.1.2 判断隧道深、浅埋 .................................................................................................... 49 6.1.2深埋隧道围岩压力的确定 ................................................................................................. 50
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6.1.2.1垂直均布压力的计算： ............................................................................................. 50 6.1.2.2水平均布压力的计算： ............................................................................................. 51 6.1.3浅埋隧道围岩压力的确定 ................................................................................................. 51 6.1.4 各级围岩压力的计算 ...................................................................................................... 54 6.1.4.1计算各级围岩的hq和Hp： ........................................................................................ 54 6.1.4.2隧道围岩深、浅埋的判断： ..................................................................................... 55 6.1.4.3各级围岩压力的确定 ................................................................................................. 55 6.2 锚喷支护的计算与设计 ............................................................................................................ 59 6.2.1 计算 .................................................................................................................................... 59 6.2.1.1端头锚固型锚杆 ......................................................................................................... 59 6.2.1.2全长粘结式锚杆 ......................................................................................................... 63 6.2.2锚杆的设计与计算 ............................................................................................................. 66 6.2.3喷射混凝土层的设计与计算 ............................................................................................. 66 6.2.4 Ⅴ级围岩段锚喷支护设计与计算 .................................................................................... 67 6.2.5其他围岩段，即Ⅳ、Ⅲ两围岩段锚喷支护设计与计算 ................................................. 73 6.2.5.1设计参数取值： ......................................................................................................... 74 6.2.5.2计算部分： ................................................................................................................. 75 6.3隧道洞身二次衬砌设计 ............................................................................................................. 79 6.4 隧道洞身二次衬砌配筋计算 .................................................................................................... 79 6.4.1 配筋计算理论分析 ............................................................................................................ 79 6.4.1.1偏心受力构件 ................................................................................................................ 79 6.4.1.2对称配筋矩形截面的配筋计算及复核 ..................................................................... 81 6.4.2 Ⅴ级围岩的洞身二次衬砌设计 ........................................................................................ 86 6.4.2.1计算需要的基本参数 ................................................................................................. 86 6.4.2.2 ANSYS建模 ................................................................................................................. 86 6.4.2.3 ANSYS模型分析结果 ................................................................................................. 89 6.4.3 Ⅴ级围岩段配筋计算 ........................................................................................................ 92 6.4.3.1截面设计 ..................................................................................................................... 92 6.4.3.2截面复核： ................................................................................................................. 94 6.4.4 Ⅳ级围岩的洞身二次衬砌设计 ........................................................................................ 96 6.4.4.1计算需要的基本参数 ................................................................................................. 96 6.4.4.2 ANSYS模型分析结果 ................................................................................................. 96 6.4.5 IV级围岩段配筋计算 ..................................................................................................... 100 6.4.5.1截面设计 ................................................................................................................... 100 6.4.5.2截面复核： ............................................................................................................... 102 6.4.6 Ⅲ级围岩的洞身二次衬砌设计 ...................................................................................... 104 6.4.6.1计算需要的基本参数 ............................................................................................... 104 6.4.6.2 ANSYS模型分析结果 ............................................................................................... 104 6.4.6.3 Ⅲ级围岩段配筋计算 .............................................................................................. 108 第七章 隧道钻爆设计 ...................................................................................................................... 110 7.1钻爆开挖的要求 ....................................................................................................................... 110 7.2钻孔机具和爆破材料的选择 ................................................................................................... 110
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