吗？There used to be some trees in this field，use（d）n't／didn't there？过去这块农田里有一些树，是不是？（比较下面两句的差异：①I Don't swim as much as I used to.我现在不如过去那么经常游泳厂。 (2) Life isn't so easy here as it used to be．现在这里的生活不如过去容易。（注：①句的主动词是行为动词 swim，省略句中只保留不定式符号to，省略掉动词swim及所带成分，而 (2)句的主动词是系词be，在省略句中只能省略be后面的表请部分,be不能省略，这一点要注意。）be／get used to（doing）sth ---\习惯于??\（注：这里的 to是介词，不是不定式符号）：He's quite used to hard work／to working hard．他习惯于勤奋工作。You will soon _____ this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you. a. get used to b. get to c. get over d. get on with（答案 a．考研'84．译文：你不久就可以适应这里的气候了,那时温度的变化就不会对你造成影响了。）
五十六 what ----引导名词从句，可以作主语、宾语和表语（这也是常考句型）：In some countries, _____ is called equality does not really mean equal rights for all people．a．which b. one c．that d．what（答案d．CET4'95／6．译文：在有些国家，所谓的\平等\并不真正意味着所有人都享有平等的权利。（what名词从句作主语。）Physics is the present-day equivalent of used to be called natural philosophy，from which most of present－day science arose． a．that b．what c．all d. which（答案 b．CET6'93／6．译文：物理学是过去通常被称作自然哲学的当今的对应词，大部分当今的自然科学均产生于此。）（what名词从句作介词宾语。）Water will continue to be ____ it is today ---next in importance to oxygen． a．how b．which c．as d．what（答案d．考研'92．译文：水将继续是今天的样子，其重要性仅次于氧气。）（what名词从句作表语。）
五十七 whether ----引导间接疑问句或带to不定式作宾语；引导从句时，如果不发生误解，口语中可与if换用，但若从句放在句首或作介词宾语时，不能换用if；引导不定式时也不能换用if；若与or连用引导两个间接疑问句时， or后面需重复 whether；whether引导的从句除作宾语外，还可作主语、表语、同位语和让步状语：I don't know whether／if you like flowers．我不知道你是否喜欢鲜花。This is certainly the case but whether it is a defect or not I don't quite know.情况当然是这样，但这是不是一个缺陷，我不太清楚。（此句不能换用价 It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation．这完全取决于我们能否得到他们的合作。（不能换用if）I don't know whether to accept or refuse．我不知道该接受或是该拒绝。（不能换用if，第二个不定式符号 to可以省略）I wonder whether we shall be in time for the last bus or whether we shall have to walk home．不知道我们是否可以赶上最后一趟公共汽车，或者我们将不得不步行回家。（这是两个并列从句，or后需重复 whether）Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen．这到底对我们有害处或是有好处，尚有待观察。（作主语）His firs question was whether Holmes had arrived yet．他的第一个问题就是赫尔姆斯是否已到达。（作表语）She was in bitter doubt whether she was right．她非常怀疑她是否对。（作同位语） Whether we go or whether we stay，the result is the same.不论我们是走还是留，结果都是一样的。（作状语）Whether from bravery or stubbornness，they did not give in．不管是出于勇敢还是由于顽固，他们没有屈服。（作状语）
五十八 with十复合结构 ---- With后面可跟带现在分词、过去分词方。不定式和介词短语等各种复合结构，有时称为 with独立结构，作状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态：I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill．由于我母亲有病，我将不能去度假。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.他锁门闭户在家整整工作了一个下午。I can't go out with all These dishes to wash．我有这么多碗碟要洗，我出去不了啦。He was asleep with his head on his arms．他在那里睡着了，头枕在双臂上。With John away，we've got more room．约翰不在家，我们就宽松多了。
五十九 worth ----作形容词，可表示\值?钱，相当于??价值的\；\值得??的\（注：worth作形容词只用于作表语，它后面跟动名词形式实际相当于该动词的被动态）：It's not worth more than two pounds．它最多值两英镑。The book is well worth reading．这本书很值得一读。As your instructor advised，you ought to spend your time on something ______ researching into． a. precious b. worth c. worthy d. valuable（答案 b．考研'94．译文：正大你的老师建议的那样，你应该把时间花在值得进行研究的东西上。）
六十 worthwhile ----\值得（花时间）做的，有价值的\：a worthwhile experiment值得做的实验；The visit
to Pairs was worthwhile．到巴黎的参观是值得的。The effort seemed worthwhile to French decision－makers．这种努力对法国的决策者们来说似乎是值得的。They did not find ______ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet． a．worth their while b．it worthwhile c. it worth d. it worthy（答案 b．考研'84．译文：他们认为不值得为他们可能会遇到的最坏情况作准备。）（注：worthwhile还可以分开写成 worth while，分开写时后面可跟不定式或动名词：It's not worth while to lose/losing your temper.不值得生气。）
六十一 worthy of ----\值得的，配得上的\；\有优点的，值得尊敬的\（注：worthy可以作定语修饰名词；作表语，后面多跟of；但根据张道真的（现代英语用法词典）P．546所引例句，后面还可跟不定式）：live a worthy life过有意义的生活；a most worthy young man一位非常有出息的年轻人；the worthy poor值得尊敬的穷人；a worthy winner配得上的胜利者；He is a teacher worthy of great respect．他是个非常值得尊敬的老师。She is not worthy to talk to a man like you．她不配与你这样的人谈话。（注：要注意worth、worthy和worthwhile三词的具体含义和习惯搭配，它们的考试频度较大。）
四六级阅读高分需掌握的72个难点关键句 1． It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say. 2． 强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us. 3． \抽象名词\或\抽象名词+itself\（very+形容词） He was all gentleness to her. 4． 利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime.
5． \（much）of\和\（little）of\ of\相当于\ some extent\，表示程度。
在疑问句或条件从句中，则为\ of \，可译为\有点\，\略微等。\译为毫无\，\全无\。\ of\译为\大有\，\ much of\可译为\算不上\，\称不上\，\ of\可译为\几乎无\。something like译为\有点像，略似。\
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6． 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，\以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰\后面的那个名词。如\ old sharper of a father\，可译为：\她那骗子般的父亲\。 Those pigs of girls eat so much. 7． as?as?can（may）be
It is as plain as plain can be. 8． \ is in（with）?as in（with）\ It is in life as in a journey.
9． \ good as?\相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him. 10．\ as well?as\和\ as well ?as\ \ as well?as\可译为\与其??，不如??，更好\，\以这样做??为宜\，\如同??，也可以??\等等。\ as well ?as\表示不可能的事，可译为\犹如??\，\可与??一样荒唐\，\与其那样不如这样的好\等等。 One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly. 11．\ make?of\的译法（使??成为??，把??当作） I will make a scientist of my son.
12． oo?+不定式\，not（never）too?+不定式\，\?not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13． only(not, all, but, never) too ?to do so \和\ ready (apt) + to do\结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是\，\等字后+\?to，\不定式都失去了否定意义，在\ ready（apt） +to do\结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。 You know but too yell to hold your tongue. 14． \ more ?than?\句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 15． \ so much?as\和\ so much as ?\结构，\ so much?as\ so much as ?\，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：\与其说是??毋须说是??\。而\ so much as\（not）even，\可译为\甚至??还没有\。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16． \ is more?than\和\ is so ?as\结构，\ is more?than\和\ is so ?as\都具有最高级比较的意思，\ I\可换用\，\，\，\，\，\，\等等，可译为\没有??比??更为\，\像??再没有了\，\最??\等。 Nothing is more precious than time.
17． \?too?\结构,\?too?\意为\ is impossible to overdo?\或者，即\无论怎样??也不算过分\。\可换用\，\等，\可换用\，\等 You cannot be too careful.
18． \否定+but \结构，在否定词后面的\，具有\ not\，\ not\，\ not\，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成\没有??不是\或\??都??\等 Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19． \否定+until (till)\结构，在否定词\，\，\，\，\，\等的后边所接用的\，多数情况下译为\直到??才??\，\要??才??\，把否定译为肯定。 Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20． \ so?but\和\ such a ?but\结构，这两个结构和\否定+but\的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的\是含有\?not\意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为\还没有??到不能做??的程度\，\并不是??不??\，\无论怎样??也不是不能??\等。 He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21． \疑问词+should?but \结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为\?but\，可译为\除了??还有谁会??\，\岂料\，\想不到??竟是??\等。 Who should write it but himself?
22． \ knows but (that)?\和\ could should?but\结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为\多半\，\亦未可知\等等，有时也可直译。 Who knows but (that) he may go?
23． \祈使句+and\和\祈使句+or\结构，\祈使句+and\表示\?you?\，\祈使名+or\表示\?not?，you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. 24． \名词+and\结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。 A word, and he would lose his temper.
25． \?,so?\结构，这里的\的意思是\ the same way\（也是如此）。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26． \ any\结构，\ any\和\ ever\，意思是\果真有??\，\即使有??\，表示加强语气。与
此类似的还有：\ anything\（如有不同的话，如果稍有区别），\ a day\（=at least，至少）。 There is little, if any, hope.
27． \ it ever(never)so\和\ it be ever(never)so\结构，这里，\ it\中的\是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用\ it be\。\ so\和\ so\都表示同一意思，都表示\。 Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28． \ last+不定式\和\ last +定语从词\结构，这种结构中的\意思是\ least likely\，用于否定性推论。可译为\最不大可能的\，\最不合适的\，由原意的\最后一个??\变成\最不可能??的一个\。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29． \?that?\句型，这个句型的意思是\如此??，以致于??\，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成\如此??以致于??\，而是变通表达其含义。 He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30． \ + than+原级形容词（副词）\结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的\有\的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
31． \ than +动词\结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为\异常\，\岂止\，\十二分地\等。 This more than satisfied me.
32． \ and ?\的副词用法，译为\非常\，\很\等。类似还有\ and ?\ \ and ?,\ \ and ?\ \ and ?\ \ and ?\ \ and ?\等，均表示程度。 The apples are good and ripe.
33． \ that\结构，这个\ that\应译为\而且??\，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，\代表前面的整个陈述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.
34． \ once?and\结构，这个结构译为\既??又??\，起相关连接的作用，相当于\?and?\。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
35． \ that?\结构，这个结构的意思是\在那一点上（方面）\，可译为\因为\。类似的结构还有\ this?\。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
36． \ name notwithstanding\结构，这个结构中\是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：\ the name\。起让步状语的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored. But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
37． \?not\和\?not\结构，\?not\表示\不见得每个??都是??\；\?not\表示\不见得所有??都是??\的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
38． \ as well not?as\结构，此结构可译为\与其??不如不??\。 One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly. 39． \ only to ?do\结构，此结构表示\只须（消）??就能??\的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
40． \ (no) ?unless?\句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed. 41． \?than?\句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
42． \ it were\是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是\好象\，\可以说\等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
43． 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.
44． \?any more than?\为：\不能??，正如不能??\。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
45． \ that as it may\是\ it be that as it may\的省略形式，是由\引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是\虽然如此，尽管这样\。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. 46． \ at all\是一个由\引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为\即将??\，\即使??\等。 I can see only with great difficulty, if at all. 47． 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
48． \ from ?to?\结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals. 49． \ way?\结构
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed. 50． 复杂宾补结构
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.
61．英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think（believe）时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。
It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.
62． \ have not?(as) to see?\中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.
63． \ occurred to sb. that?\意为\突然想到\，\ dawned on sb.that?\突然想起\等。 从