Unit7
1.a
Rewrite the sentences using in other words.
1. Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli. They were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts. Suggested answer:
Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli, in other words, they were not considered capable of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts.
2. Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures. Suggested answer:
Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world, in other words, we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures.
3. In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings. Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different. Suggested answer:
In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings, in other words, Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren't all that different.
Rewrite the sentences using go so far as to.
1. Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would probably lick him. Suggested answer:
Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would go so far as to lick him.
2. Hogahn was so protective that he barked at anyone who came near the house.
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Suggested answer:
Hogahn was so protective that he went so far as to bark at anyone who came near the house.
3. I even thought of Hogahn as my first grandchild. Suggested answer:
I went so far as to think of Hogahn as my first grandchild.
4. In the past scientists believed that animals were not capable of feeling or thinking. Suggested answer:
In the past scientists went so far as to believe that animals were not capable of feeling or thinking.
5. Darwin argued that animals face the same challenges and have the same basic needs as humans. Suggested answer:
Darwin went so far as to argue that animals face the same challenges and have the same basic needs as humans.
6. Scientists now ask if animals have feelings and intelligence, should it affect the way we treat them? Suggested answer:
Scientists now go so far as to ask if animals have feelings and intelligence, should it affect the way we treat them?
Look at the words and their definitions. Complete the sentences with the words.
army a group of people
bunch a group of fruit or flowers which grow together flock a group of birds, sheep or goats herd a group of large animals, like cattle school a group of fish swarm a group of insects
1. Having a concept of numbers helps geese to keep track of their . Correct
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answer flock
2. We were attacked by an angry of bees, but no one got stung. Correct answer
swarm
3. On safari in Africa you can see a(n) of elephants on the plain. Correct answer herd
4. Our boat was surrounded by a large of dolphins. Correct answer school
5. The pop singer was greeted by a huge of fans. Correct answer army
6. When someone is in hospital it's traditional to bring them some chocolates, or a(n) of grapes. Correct answer bunch
Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.
Nouns which often go after: abstract concept idea principle reasoning animal instinct intelligence lover rights human being body nature society
1. Mark has three dogs. He's a real . Correct answer (1) animal (2) lover
2. The average contains between four and five litres of blood. Correct answer
(1) human (2) body
3. Scientists are trying to prove whether animals are capable of . Correct answer
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(1) abstract (2) reasoning
4. Survival is a basic common to all creatures. Correct answer (1) animal (2) instinct
5. There has always been conflict and war in the world. You can't change . Correct answer (1) human (2) nature
6. Animals don't understand like art, culture and society. Correct answer (1) abstract (2) concepts
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. I had tossed sticks for him before and knew the approximate distance they would go, depending upon their weight and my motion. This stick, however, caught a gust and, flying where the sheet wanted to go, sailed across the yard, over the fence, and, with a fine skater's touch, glided onto the pond. Suggested answer:
我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我动作的大小，我知道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。
2. The next moment I was standing in the water and Hogahn was swimming toward me, breaking the ice with his front paws. He seemed a little startled by the intrusion of the ice in his path, but definitely in control. I went as far as I could until the pond bottom sank down under my weight and the ice water penetrated my jacket, and I stood and waited. Suggested answer:
接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游过来。一路上冰块的侵扰似乎让他受了些惊吓，但他绝对能控制得住自己。我尽量向前趟，直到我的双脚陷进湖底的烂泥，冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夹克。我站在那儿等着。
3. It can recognize different people and make choices about what to eat or which path to take. But does this mean that an animal is capable of thinking and, if so, can it be proved? Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures.
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Suggested answer:
它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。
4. Many scientists in the 20th century dismissed such findings as unreliable, usually influenced by anthropomorphism, in other words, judging animals by human attributes. However, the pendulum is now swinging away from thinking of animals as machines without intelligence, and back towards Darwin's ideas. A wide range of studies on animals suggests that the roots of intelligence are deep, widespread across the animal kingdom and highly changeable. Suggested answer:
许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。
Translate the sentences into English.
1. 夜贼们忙着往皮卡里扔赃物，急着想尽快开车逃走。正在这时，负责看守小区的保安发现了他们，并报了警。（just about; watch over） Suggested answer:
The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive away when the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police.
2. 三个士兵在密林深处艰难地行走了一整天，试图走向河的东岸，结果却发现他们只在树林里打转，离目的地仍有几十英里之遥。(only to find; short of) Suggested answer:
The three soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, trying to navigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling in the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination.
3. 我觉得今天早晨做动物心智报告的那位学者显然高估了动物的智慧，她甚至认为黑猩猩能够用电脑跟人进行交流。(go so far as to) Suggested answer:
It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning has obviously overestimated the animal intelligence. She went so far as to suggest that
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