但不幸的是个体差异也是员工之间的冲突的根源,他们可以给管理带来困难,有时会很严重。 **********************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Tutor:Thanks,philip. So now I guess the two main things to remember here are to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, you were looking at identifying different talents in workers Do you think this is easy for managers to do? 老师:谢谢,philip。所以现在我想记住在这里的两个主要因素是确定个人天赋,然后利用它。所以珍妮丝,你看着识别不同人才工人你认为这便于管理者做什么?
Janice:Well,currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in my opinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. What managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of responsibility. 珍妮丝:嗯,目前团队合作在工作场所的时尚,我认为个人的重要性通常是被忽视的。什么是管理者应该针对这些员工可以带头情况和不害怕接受责任的想法。
Tutor:That’s true. Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entire notion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.
老师:这是真的。珍妮丝但不幸的是很多管理者认为整个鼓励个性的概念在他们的员工太困难。
Janice:Yes. That may be true but I think one of the most important tasks of managers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creative thinking on the part of management to avoid tension.
珍妮丝:是的。这可能是真的,但我认为经理的最重要的任务之一是考虑单独一方面的需要和群体合作与整合。它需要创造性思维的管理沟通,以免产生紧张情绪。
Tutor:So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should be looking for? 导师:所以珍妮丝,什么样的人你认为公司应该寻找吗?
Janice Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies are looking for new employees. When the personal department is choosing between applicants they need to look for someone who’s broken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people making these decisions often ues a range of psychological tests to see if a person is a problem solver, or will do as they’re told. I’m not convinced these qualities are actually the most important.
珍妮丝,它开始从一开始当公司正在寻找新的员工。当私人部门之间选择申请人他们需要寻找的人打破了模具,可以独立思考。相反,人们通常这些决策问题的一系列心理测试,看一个人是问题解决者,或将他们告诉。我不相信这些品质是最重要的。 Tutor:So do you think being a good team player is overrated? 导师:所以你认为成为一名优秀的团队球员被高估了吗?
Janice No,it’s not overrated. You do need to learn the rules and learn them fast. No individual can get around this if you’re working in an organization.
珍妮丝不,它不是被高估了。你需要学习规则和学习它们很快。没有人可以绕过这个如果你工作在一个组织。
Tutor:So how should managers deal with this? 导师:管理者该如何处理呢?
Janice Rewards. When an individual demonstrates, the behaviour the organisation expects, some kind of incentive can be given. What’s important here is that this happens right at the beginning so new recruits learn the rules of the system immediately. Also the incentive should be something the individual actually wants, and this isn’t always just money。
贾尼斯的回报。个人展示时,行为组织预计,可以给一些激励。最重要的是,这种情况对初所以新员工学习的规则系统。同样的动机应该是个人真正想要的,这并不总是钱。
Tutor:To come back to you, philip. You were saying that recognition of good performers is essential. What else should managers be looking for?
导师:你回到,philip。你是说优秀的表演者是至关重要的。经理应该寻找什么?
Philip:Well,managing people means you not only have an understanding of your employees,but you also recognise the culture of the organization. In fact, for some organizations creativity and individuality may be the last thing they want to see during working hours.
菲利普:好了,人员管理就意味着你不仅了解你的员工,但你也认可组织的文化。事实上,对于一些组织的创造力和个性可能是他们希望看到的最后一件事在工作时间。 Tutor:Very true. 老师:非常正确。
Philip:Yes,but managing people isn’t as easy as it looks. For example, change in the workplace can be quite tricky. Especially if there’s a need to increase profit，. And at times like these managers may have to give priority to profit rather than individual staff needs.
菲利普:是的,但管理人们并不像它看起来那么简单。例如,工作场所的变化是非常复杂的。特别是如果有需要增加利润,。和在这种情况下经理可能要优先利润而不是单个的员工需求。 Tutor:yes,and that creates difficult situations for people. 老师:是的,为人们创造困难的局面。
Philip:Yes, but what’s important is that managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress. During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to think of themselves.
菲利普:是的,但重要的是,经理可以处理相当高水平的个人压力。在变化的时代他们应该不仅考虑员工的压力但认为自己抽出时间。
Tutor:Absolutely. So what are the implications of that for…
老师:当然。所以的含义是什么,?
Section 4 第四节
Good afternoon, everyone! 大家下午好!
This is the first seninar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia, we are fantastically luck to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute, so I shall expect 200% attention and participation from you all. First in this seminar, I’m going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art, and in the second part I’m going to give you some do’s and don’ts for our fieldwork trip in April – so please listen very carefully. 这是第一个seninar为了准备我们在纳米比亚的考古现场,我们非常幸运的得到了部分研究经费为这次旅行从我们的学院,所以我期待你200%的关注和参与。第一次在这个研讨会,我会给简要介绍当代研究岩石艺术,并在第二部分中,我将给你一些守则4月我们的实地考察旅行,所以请仔细聆听。
I’m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia, we are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world. And I hope to show you how easy it is foe everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are
different from our pwn – the first and most important lesson we have to learn.
我首先要关注的解释岩石艺术在纳米比亚,我们非常荣幸去的地方你可以找到一些最重要的网站在整个世界。我希望展示你是多么容易敌人每个人犯错看文化不同于我们pwn——第一个也是最重要的一课,我们必须学习。
In Namibia there are both paintings and engraving – that’s where the surface of the rock is cut out. Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think that the purpose of these was simple and obvious. This r ock art was like a school book with picture to teach children about tracks whick belonged to which animal – giraffe, lion and so on.
在纳米比亚既有绘画和雕刻——这就是表面的岩石。许多动物的雕刻显示足迹和多数学者曾经认为,这些的目的是简单和明显。这下r艺术就像一个学校的书图片教孩子关于跟踪每个属于哪种动物——长颈鹿,狮子等等。
But there were some mysteries. First, when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving, you see the tracks are repeated, there are dozens of tracks for the same animal. You’d expect just one clear illustration if the reason – the aim – was to teach tracking.
但是有一些秘密。首先,当你看一个典型的纳米比亚绘画或雕刻,你看到跟踪是重复的,有几十种跟踪相同的动物。你期望一个明确说明如果原因————目的是教跟踪。
Now there were two more problem, why are some of the engraving of animals very accurate as you’d expect – all clearly identifiable- and others quite unrealistic
现在有两个问题,为什么有些动物雕刻的非常准确的如你所料——所有明显的和其他人很不现实的
And another mystery – some of these unrealistic animals – that*s in the engravings – seem to be half human. Some, for example, have got human faces, Many reaearchers now think that these were pictures the wise men engraved of themselves. They belived they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn, so the hunters could then catch them for food.
和另一个谜——其中一些不切实际的动物——* s雕刻,似乎人类的一半。例如,一些有人脸,现在许多reaearchers认为这些都是智者雕刻自己的照片。他们竟然相信了他们可以使用魔法来控制动物,所以猎人可以赶上他们。
This shows you some of the dangers of coming from one culture to another, as we’ll be doing, without understanding it fully. Scholars imagined that children looked at rock art pictures to learn to track – just because they themselves had learnt skills from pictures, many researchers now believe that rock art had a much more complex purpose, and we*ll talk more about it next week.!
这表明你的一些危险来自一种文化到另一个地方,我们要做的,没有完全理解它。学者想象,孩子看着岩石艺术图片学习跟踪,只是因为他们自己所学技能从照片,许多研究人员现在认为,岩石艺术有一个更复杂的目的,我们下周会进一步讨论。!
Now before I invite you to join in a discussion in this second part of the seminar, I’d like to make some very important points about pur fieldwork – and in face any field trip to look at rock art. 之前我邀请您参加一个讨论第二个研讨会的一部分,我想做一些非常重要的点pur田野调查,面对任何领域去看岩石艺术。
We’re going to a number of sites, and we won’t always to together. The single largest problem faced by people who manage the sites is – yes, I’m sure you’ve guessed – damage caused by visi tors, even though it’s usually unintentional.
我们的网站,我们不会永远在一起。所面临的最大问题管理网站的人是——是的,我相信你已经猜到了——visi职权范围造成的损害,尽管它通常是无意的。
Whenever,you do go to a site, don’t forget you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it. This can really help to reduce visitor pressure. People often say. “Well,there’s only two of us and just this one time”,but maybe thousands of people are saying the same thing.
无论何时,你去一个网站,不要忘记你可以学到很多东西从远处观察而不是走在。这可以帮助减少游客的压力。人们常说。“嗯,只有我们两个,只是这一次”,但也许成千上万的人在说同样的事情。
And then some basic rules to guide you – we’ll have our own camp near a village, but remember never to camp on a site if you go on your own,. It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture, and certainly don’t make fires, however romantic it may seem, It’s really dangerous in dry areas, and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.
然后一些基本规则来引导你,我们会有我们自己的营地附近的一个村庄,但是记住,永远不要在一个网站如果你继续你自己的,。也许是不尊重人的文化,当然不生火,但是浪漫的看起来,真的很危险的在干旱地区,您可以很容易地燃烧无价的未被发现的材料。
So, how are we going to enjoy the rock art on our field trip? By looking at it, drawing it and photographine it – NEVER by touching it or even tracing it. Rock art is fragile and precious. 所以,我们如何享受岩石艺术在我们实地考察吗?通过观察,绘制和photographine——从来没有触摸它,甚至跟踪它。岩画是脆弱的,宝贵的。
Remember that climbing on rocks and in caves can destroy in a moment what has lasted for centuries. So no heroics in Namibia, please! Try to be extra careful and help others to be too. 记住,爬上岩石,在山洞里可以摧毁一会儿已经持续了几个世纪。所以没有英雄在纳米比亚,谢谢!要格外小心和帮助别人。
And lastly please don’t even move rocks or branches to take photographs – you should leave the site intace – I’m sure I can rely on you to do that..
甚至最后请不要移动岩石或分支拍照——你应该离开这个网站intace——我确信我可以依赖你. .
Well,That’s about all I want to say before today’s first discussion, but if you have any question please ask them now – and don’t forget you’ll find some fascinating information about world-wide sites on the Internet. Right, first question then?
这就是所有我想说今天的第一次讨论之前,如果你有任何问题请询问他们现在,别忘了你会发现一些有趣的信息在全球网站在互联网上。对了,第一个问题呢?
Text 2 文本2 Section 1
第一节
Woman: Hello… motor insurance department … 女人:你好?汽车保险部门?
Man: Oh hello… I’d like to ask about insurance for my car.
男:哦,你好?我想询问我的汽车保险。
Woman: Yes, of course. I’ll just take a few details. What’s your name? 女:是的,当然。我会把一些细节。你叫什么名字? Man: Patrick Jones. 男:帕特里克·琼斯。
Woman: And your addrss? 女:和你的地址?
Man: It’s 27 Bank Road.
男人:这27个银行。
Woman: 27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale? 女人:27日银行道路。这是在格林代尔吗? Man: Yes. 男:是的。
Woman: And what’s your daytime phone number? 女:你的白天的电话号码是什么?
Man: My work number is 730453.
男人:我的工作号码是730453。
Woman: And could ask what your occupation is?
女人,可以问你的职业是什么吗? Man: Dentist. 男:牙医。
Woman: OK… now a few details about your car… What size is the engine? 女:好?现在一些细节关于你的车?引擎大小是什么? Man: It’s a Hewton Sable. 男:这是一个Hewton貂。
Woman: Could you spell the model name please?
女:你能拼写模型的名字吗? Man: Yes… S-A-B-L-E. 男人:是的?S-A-B-L-E。
Woman: Ah yes… thanks. And when was it made? 女人:是的?谢谢。它是什么时候产生的? Man: 1997. 男:1997。
Woman: Lovely… right… I presume you’ve had a previous insurer? 女:可爱??我认为你有以前的保险公司吗?