中北大学2011届毕业设计说明书
毕业设计说明书
利用FIFO的高速数据采集系统设计
吴轩昂 学生姓名: 学号:0701054329 机电工程学院 学 院: 探测制导与控制技术 专 业: 王利 指导教师:
2011 年 5 月
中北大学2011届毕业设计说明书
利用FIFO的高速数据采集系统设计
摘要
高速数据采集存储技术在通信、航天、气象等领域中有广泛的应用。随着各领域的不断发展,对数据采集的速率及容量要求越来越高。高速数据采集主要包括数据接收与存储、串口总线应用、程序驱动等,实时、高速、连续、大量地采集存储数据。寻找一种使用方便的A/D转换器件,通过简单FIFO电路在单片机的控制下得到性能优良的高速数据采集系统,是本次设计的目标。
本文介绍了本项研究目标与总体现状,在国民经济中的实用价值。正文部分给出了系统设计中利用单片机控制下的FIFO电路的必要的理论分析及实验装置。最后总结了本次的设计工作,指出进一步研究的方向。
【关键词】:高速数据采集,A/D转换,FIFO,单片机
中北大学2011届毕业设计说明书
High-speed Data Acquisition & Storage System using FIFO
Abstract
High-speed data acquisition & storage systems is widely used in many fields such as communication,navigation and meteorology.As the developing of the science technology in many fields,data storage systems of high-speed and large capacity have been increasingly focused.High-speed data acquisition & storage systems involves lots of key technologies such as data acquisition and storage,computer bus application and driver programming,with many critical issues such as high-speed,real-time, large capacity and continuation.Designing a high performance high-speed data acquisition system using A/D conversion chip and easy FIFO-circuit under control of a microcontroller is the target of this design.
The purpose , the situation of current data acquisition field , and its value in our social economy is discussed.In the main passage, the necessary way by using a FIFO with a microcontroller to analysis and testing is given. The general work of this paper is summarized, and the further research direction is pointed out at last.
【Keywords】:High-speed data acquisition & storage,A/D conversion,
FIFO,microcontroller
中北大学2011届毕业设计说明书
目 录
1 引言............................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 ............................................. 1 1.2 研究与发展现状 ............................................. 2 2 设计原理与基本思想............................................... 3
2.1 硬件原理 ................................................... 3 2.2 软件原理 ................................................... 4 3 模数转换模块设计................................................. 5
3.1 ADC简介.................................................... 5 3.2 ADC的分类.................................................. 5 3.3 ADC的主要技术指标.......................................... 6 3.4 采样原理 ................................................... 7
3.4.1 Nyquist 采样定理...................................... 7 3.4.2 带通采样定理.......................................... 7 3.5 ADC的选型.................................................. 8
3.5.1 选型参数.............................................. 9 3.5.2 选择ADC .............................................. 9 3.6 高速AD转换器TLC5510...................................... 10
3.6.1 概述................................................. 10 3.6.2 引脚说明............................................. 10 3.6.3 内部结构............................................. 12 3.6.4 工作过程............................................. 12 3.6.5 外围电路............................................. 14
4 FIFO缓冲模块设计 ............................................... 17
4.1 FIFO存储器简介............................................ 17 4.2 FIFO的选型................................................ 17
4.2.1 FIFO的一些重要参数 .................................. 18
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中北大学2011届毕业设计说明书
4.2.2 选择型号............................................. 18 4.3 FIFO存储器AL422B ......................................... 18
4.3.1 概述................................................. 18 4.3.2 引脚说明............................................. 19 4.3.3 使用方法............................................. 20 4.3.4 应用范围............................................. 25 4.4.5 注意事项............................................. 25 4.4.6 接口电路............................................. 25
5 串口模块设计.................................................... 28
5.1 串行通信基本知识 .......................................... 28
5.1.1 异步通信............................................. 28 5.1.2 MCS-51串行口的结构 .................................. 28 5.2 89C51串行口的4种工作方式................................. 29
5.2.1 4种工作方式 ......................................... 29 5.2.2 波特率的设定......................................... 31 5.3 89C51与PC机间通信........................................ 32
5.3.1 MAX232芯片简介 ...................................... 32 5.3.2 MAX232接口电路 ...................................... 33
6 软件模块设计.................................................... 35
6.1 TLC5510程序设计........................................... 35 6.2 AL422B程序设计............................................ 35 6.3 串口程序设计 .............................................. 36 7 实验及其结果.................................................... 37
7.1 硬件系统连接 .............................................. 37 7.2 实验调试过程 .............................................. 39
7.2.1 TLC5510模块实验 ..................................... 40 7.2.2 AL422B模块实验 ...................................... 41 7.3 系统实验结果 .............................................. 43 8 结论............................................................ 45
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