1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 2）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 2、用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave等现在进行时可以表示将来： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
学位英语语法基础知识：时态-一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth“到??时间了”“该??了” 例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已迟了”“早该??了” 例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事” 例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
学位英语语法基础知识：情态动词
1、can
1）表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。 I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。
He is only four, but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。
2）表示推测语气的用法时，can只能用于疑问句和否定句，用于否定句的时候必须要有充分的理由说明。如：
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Can he be at home? No, he can't be at home, because I met him in the street just 5 minutes ago. 他可能在家吗？不，他不可能在家，因为我5分钟之前才在街上遇到他。 2、may (might)
1）表示请求、可以、允许。
You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。 2）表建议（可和as well 连用）
You may (might) as well stay where you are.
你还是原地待着好。（may as well 有“还是??的好”的含义）
3）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定，只能用于肯定句和否定句。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。 They might be having a meeting, but I'm not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3、must
1）表示必须、必要
We must do everything step by step. 我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。
2）must 的否定式有两个：当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn't或don't have to表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”
3）表示推测语气的用法，意为“准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句，并且要有充足的理由说明。 He must have passed the exam, because he looked so happy. 他一定通过考试了，因为他看起来如此的开心。 4. have to
have to的含义与must是很接近的，只是have to 比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。 I must clean the room.（主观想法）I have to clean the room.（客观需要） 另外，have to 能用于更多时态：
We had to be there at ten. 我们得在十点钟到那里。
We will have to reconsider the whole thing. 这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。 have to 的否定式：don't have to do 表示“不必做??”之意。 5、would 1）表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。
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I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 6、ought to
表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。 You oughtn't to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 7、used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。 There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
I usedn't (didn't use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？ 难点释疑：
（一）need和dare的用法比较
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词
You needn't telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 I don't think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。 2.用作实义动词
You don't need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 The table needs painting (to be painted). 桌子需要油漆一下。 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 （二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行时的用法
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1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“应当已经??”，“想必已经??”，“本来可以??”等意。 I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。 He isn't here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。 Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。 You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。 He needn't have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterday‘s party. You ought to have come, but why didn't you? 昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？
2. 情态动词后跟进行时，表示“想必正在??”，“可能正在??”，“应当正在”等意。 It‘s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。 They may be discussing this problem now. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。
学位英语语法基础知识：被动语态
（I）被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
1.一般现在时 am/is/are+V（p.p） 人们利用电能运转机器。
People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines. Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn't. 2.一般过去时 was/were + V（p.p）
昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday. 3.一般将来时 will/shall +be+V（p.p）
下星期我们将举行一场运动会。A sports meeting will be held next week. 4.过去将来时 should/would +be+V（p.p） 他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。
We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown. 5.现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V（p.p） .
他正在油漆房子。He is painting the house. A house is being painted. Is the house being painted? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't .
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6.过去进行时 was/were +being+V（p.p）
当我进厨房时，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen. 7.现在完成时 have/has +been+V（p.p）
他已经结束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished. 8.过去完成时 had +been+V（p.p）
到上个月为止，他们已经把这本书翻译成了英语。
The book had been translated into English by the end of last month. 9.将来完成时will have +been+V（p.p） .
2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year. 注：
1.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+be+V（p.p）”构成。如： The machine must be operated with care.
2.含有\等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用\和\+be+V(p.p)\。如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. （II）由动词短语形成的被动语态
一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，就可以形成被动语态。
约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on.
奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma. 注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。 难点释疑： 主动形式表被动意义
在下列情况中，谓语形式是主动的，但具有被动的含义。 The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起来很可口。 The idea sounds good. 这个主意听起来不错。 The apples sell well. 这些苹果很好卖。 The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。 一些固定句型表示被动含义 a. be worth doing sth
The film is well worth seeing. 这部电影很值得一看。
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