重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）
研究记者在突发事件中的现场报道
摘 要
电视新闻的现场直播指的是将新闻事件现场发生的新闻事实、图像、声音和记者报道、采访等转换为电视信号,直接发射、即时播出的一种至关重要的新闻形态。在这众多事件当中突发事件是在人们毫无心理准备的情况下发生的新闻事件。电视新闻媒体对突发事件的迅速捕捉与有效报道，是树立电视新闻媒体社会权威地位的最佳途径。在这个新闻的制作播出的过程中，现场记者的报道显得尤为重要。一个好的现场出镜记者，在面对突发事件时能够掌控全局，清晰准确的传达有效信息。文章从突发事件的特性出发，针对电视新闻现场报道呈现形态和趋势，结合电视的媒介特性，研究出镜记者这个电视新闻报道中的灵魂人物，在面对多种的突发事件报道的策划直至成功实施的全过程。在这其中， 将针对中国新闻媒体的发展趋势来阐述突发事件现场的出镜记者职业素质要求以及有声语言表达特点和技巧。
关键词：突发事件，出镜记者，现场报道
目 录
摘要 ············································································································································· 一.绪论 ········································································································································ 二.正文 ········································································································································
（一）现场报道成为亿万人的关注 ····················································································
1. 现场报道的意义以及其种类 ··················································································
1.1现场报道 ········································································································· 1.2现场报道的意义 ······························································································ 1.3现场报道的种类 ······························································································
1.3.1演播室直播 ························································································· 1.3.2新闻现场直播 ·····················································································
（二）独特的突发性新闻事件 ····························································································
1.何为突发事件以及其相应特点 ················································································
1.1 突发事件 ······································································································· 1.2 突发事件的特点 ···························································································· 1.3突发事件编播特点 ························································································· 1.4小结 ················································································································ 2.记者在突发事件现场报道的特点 ·············································································
2.1在准备中出发 ································································································· 2.2 不断预示事态发展 ························································································ 2.3 小结 ··············································································································· 3.1交通事故 ········································································································ 3.2火灾 ················································································································ 3.3自然灾害的报道 ·····························································································
3.3.1灾难和灾难新闻 ················································································· 3.3.2一般的自然灾害报道分为三个阶段 ···················································
3.3.2.1预警报道 ················································································· 3.3.2.2灾难中的报道 ·········································································· 3.3.2.3灾难之后的深度报道 ······························································
3.4大灾面前记者的应对策略 ·············································································· 3.5出镜记者在报道前应理清的信息内容层次 ···················································
（三）当好现场报道记者 ···································································································
1.出镜记者的素质要求 ································································································
1.1出镜记者的新闻素质 ····················································································· 1.2出镜记者应该具有良好的职业心理素质 ······················································· 1.3出镜记者需具有良好新闻业务理论知识并且不断更新 ································ 1.4出镜记者应该具有精彩的有声语言的表达能力 ···········································
1.4.1叙事有条理、表达很流畅 ·································································· 1.4.2体态语言 ····························································································· 1.5出镜记者应该具有较强的合作意识 ······························································
三.结论 ········································································································································
1.现场报道必定成为电视新闻主宰 ············································································· 2.突发事件现场报道是必要的 ···················································································· 3.出镜记者是电视新闻的重要部分 ·············································································
参考文献 ······································································································································
一.绪论
人类以往历史的书写完全依赖与文字和静止的画面，致使人们对新闻的发生到历史的记忆一直是一个静态的想想与主观的描绘。只有当大众映像媒介电视出现之后，图像替代了文字，成为后代了解前辈的便利媒介。随着新闻事件的不断更新，我们的文化正处于从“以文字喂中心”向“以形象为中心的发展时期。而也就是在这个时期当中，电视新闻逐渐成为了电视媒介的霸主，而记者作为这个传播过程中的第一人，承担了重要的角色。因此记者之间的竞争变得激烈。
如何在第一时间，第一现场报道真实的事件已经成为现今新闻工作者的重中之重。火灾、交通事故、犯罪事件等大量出镜记者的现场报道，是的中国的电视新闻报道得以赶上世界电视新闻发展的脚步。来自地方电视的威胁，使得中央电视台的新闻频道加快了直播报道的比重，在日播节目中加大突发事件现场直播报道时间。这种竞争良性的促进了国内的新闻发展，可以说，电视新闻现场报道的趋势是从南到被裹胁而来，从香港凤凰卫视多样式的现场报道到内地各个电视台之间的充分竞争。此时记者的现场报道应该了黄金时期。
突发性公共事件的危机传播在现今已经成为政府部门关注的重要课题，清华大学新闻与传播学院副教授史安斌在《危机传播与新闻发布》一书中，将危机传播总结为：“危及传播，简而言之，就是在危机前后及其发生过程中，在政府部门、媒体、公众之内和彼此之间进行的信息交流过程。”大众传播媒体作为信道，在危机传播环节中处于及其重要的地位。
突发事件属于危机传播范畴，新闻媒体对突发事件的及时快速报道是媒体发挥社会功能的集中体现。其中，电视新闻以现场直播对突发性事件的实时报道成为受众获得信息的主要渠道，据调查2001年美国“9.11”事件近90%的观众是通过电视得知这一事件的发生，电视成为其第一信息源。
突发事件是不可预知，并且需要非常态的制作与播出。这就对整个播出团队提出了很高的要求。究竟如何才能够利用最短的时间传播最准确有效的信息呢？这些直接会影响到受众对事态的了解。在“3.11”日本大地震时，当地NHK电视台在不断将第一手的资料传向世界，而国内的观众却经常在中央电视台的新闻栏目中收看到两天之间的画面。东电公司在召开新闻发布会的时候，也没有见到我们的记者。这些都是我们的不足。从“直通巴格达”至今，我国的新闻直播水平已经有了质的飞跃，但还不足也驻足。新闻是一场战争，在它来临的时候，我们要想尽办法去报道。
记者是电视新闻报道的亲历者，见证者。正是因为他们的参与新闻的真实性得到了增强，新闻的现场感得到了增强，新闻的报道内容更好的被观众所理解，电视媒体自身得到更好的发展。在面对突发事件时，记者深入第一线的报道，将会主宰新闻的脉络。从准备出发，到动态的了解情况，最终做出详细的报道。本文将会从突发事件出发阐述记者的现场报道，从而体现记者这个至关重要的新闻角色。