自考 0094外贸函电课程复习重点(2)

2019-03-01 09:40

处。在这里,要感谢的人是the Commercial Counselor's Office of the Algerian Embassy in Beijing. 阿尔及利亚驻北京大使馆商赞处,这是个比较长的短语,所以放在句尾。 2.inform/advise

They have informed us that……该处已经告知我们…… Inform 做通知讲时,可与advise换用。 常用结构:

a. 宾语后接of短语: in form (advise) somebody of something. 不过近来国外来信有省略介词of的现象。We shall in form (advise) you (of) the date of shipment.我们将把装运日期通知你方。

b. 宾语后接从句 inform (advise) somebody + that/what/which: We wish to inform (advise) you that business has been done at US$110 per metric ton. 我们已经以每公吨110美元的价格成交,特此告知。

c.兹通知(你们)……Please be informed (advised) that……: Please be informed (advised) that we have already sent the samples requested. 兹通知你方,我方已经将所索样品寄出。

注意:如果省略宾语(人称代词)则不宜使用inform.如:Please advise the name of steamer. 请告知船名。Please advise what quantity you can sell a year.请告知每年可销售的数量。在这种情况下,不能用inform,只能用advise. 3.in the market for something

in the market for something 是书面语言,表示想买进某物。如课文中:You are in the market for Chemicals. 你公司要购买化工产品。

除此以外,in the market for something 也可以引申于“乐于接受某物”。如:I'm always in the market for good new ideas.我总是乐于接受有益的新建议。

in the market 是想要买(或卖)的意思。如:Please advise us when you are in the market.当你们想要买(或卖)时,请告知我们。

In the market 还可以做“上市,出售,可以买到”解,同on the market可以相互替代。 如:This is the best article on the market.这是市场上可以买到的最好的商品。 又如:The article will be on the market.商品本周就会上市。 其他一些在商业中会用到的market词组:

at the market 主要用于交易所,意思是:照市价,照当前最好的行情。

bring to market, put on the market, come into the market 都可以用来表示:在市场上出售,投放市场。如:The new color TV will come into the market soon. 新型彩色电视机不久将投放市场。

lose one's market 失去做买卖的机会。如:We don't want to lose our market by sticking to have it at the market price. 我们不想因为坚持按市价购进而失去做买卖的机会。

price out of the market (商品)定价过高而无人购买。如:If you don't accept a low profit, you'll price yourself right out of the market. 如果你不同意降低利润,就只有漫天要价无人问津了。 4.Enclose

enclose 是动词,表示“封入”。商业信件中常有在 enclose后加herewith的,如We enclose herewith a copy of our price list. 但最好不用,因enclose与herewith在意义上重复。 表示附在某封信内,用介词with 或 in: Please refer to the price list enclosed with (or: in) our letter of August 5. 请查阅8月5去信所附的价目表。

过去分词enclosed作表语时,常倒装置于句首。如A copy of our Export List are enclosed. 在课文中将enclosed 倒装:Enclosed herewith is a copy of our Export List 现随函附寄我公司出口商品表一份。

过去分词enclosed作宾语补足语时,也常倒装置于句首或置于谓语动词之后:Enclosed please find a copy of our price list. (或 Please find enclosed a copy of our price list.) 随函附寄我公司价目表一份。

过去分词enclosed可作名词,前面加定冠词:We believe you will find the enclosed interesting. 我们相信你们对所附之件会感兴趣。 5.Requirements

requirement 表示需要时,常用单数,后接介词of: We have noted your requirement of samples and catalogues.我们已经注意到你们需要样品和商品目录。

表示需要的货物或需要量时常用复数,后接介词for或of: We can meet your requirements for Walnut meat.我们可以满足你方对核桃仁的需要。Please let us know your annual requirements of Walnuts.请告知你方对核桃的年需求量。

注意:表示满足需要,除meet外,还可以用satisfy, fill, supply 等动词。 6.Promote

to promote both business and friendship促进业务和友谊; 可替代的用法是:to promote friendship as well as business . 7.trade in 和trade with

in our trade with customers in the Asian-African countries我们在同亚非国家的客户进行贸易时;

trade 做动词用时,表示“从事贸易,做生意,经营”。

注意:和某人做贸易接with, 经营某项商品接in. 如:They trade mainly in cotton piece goods.他们主要经营棉布。 询价和报盘:

1.description of an article/name of commodity

意思是商品名称。在商业书信中,我们常常可以看到许多表示商品或货物的词汇,如:commodity, goods, article, merchandise, cargo, material, item, product, supply, order 等。

下面简单介绍一下这些词汇的用法:

commodity是比较正式的用语,通常指较大范围的商品,尤其指一个国家的主要商品。Commodity是可数名词。

goods不是指一件商品,而是统指货物。Goods永远是复数形式,不能与数词连用。 Merchandise 也是泛指商品,不特指某一商品,但没有复数形式,前面也不可加不定冠词。

article 作商品解时,常常指一种商品,而不是指一类商品,同一种商品而有不同规格,商品编货号,常用此词,如在课文中。

Cargo = goods carried in a ship.即船上所载的货物。如:The steamer sailed with full cargo.该轮满载起航。 注意这里不能用goods 代替cargo.说与装运有关的货物时也可以用cargo, 但不如goods普通。如:We expect to ship the goods (可用cargo) in a few days. 如果不是在船上的货物,又跟装运没有关系的货物,不能用cargo, 如:As soon as the goods (不能用cargo) are available, we will call you. material 一般指作原料用的商品。

item 名词item本义是“项目”,但在商业函件中常用来代表前面提到的货物,如:We note your are interested in walnut meat but regret to advise that this item is not available at present. 尤其在介绍目录中的商品项目时常用此词,如:You can buy these items through the catalogue. 你能从目录中买到这些项目。product 指产品。supply 和order的用法,在第二课精讲中讲过。 2.支付

terms of payment 支付条件。 外贸中常用的支付方式有3种:

(1) Remittance: Mail Transfer (M/T), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T),Demand Draft (D/D)

(2) Documentary Collection: a. Documents against payment (D/P): Documents against payment at sight (D/P sight), Documents against payment after sight (D/P after sight) b. Documents against acceptance (D/A)

(3) L/C: 信用证是可数普通名词,单数为(a)letter of credit, 复数为 letters of credit; 但在商业书信中常作大写,单数为(a)Letter of Credit, 复数为 Letters of Credit;且常用大写缩写,单数为(an)L/C,复数为Ls/C.此外,商业书信有时也用credit一个词表示信用证,复数为credits. 开立信用证,最普通的是open an L/C,比较正式的说法是establish an L/C,从银行的角度可以说issue an L/C.改证是 amend an L/C.展证是extend an L/C. 关于信用证的常用词组:

即期信用证:letter of credit available by draft at sight, letter of credit payable against draft at sight, letter of credit available by sight draft, letter of credit payable against sight draft, sight L/C (在商业书信中常用);

远期信用证: usance L/C, time L/C, term L/C. 注意: 见票后多少天支付的说法很多, 常见的有: L/C available by draft at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days 见票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days 见票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days 见票后30天付款。

其他: confirmed L/C 保兑信用证,irrevocable L/C 不可撤消信用证,documentary L/C 跟单信用证,transferable and divisible L/C 可转让与可分割信用证,revolving L/C 循环信用证,back to back L/C 背对背信用证,reciprocal L/C 对开信用证。 另外,当数量条款定有溢短装条款时,付款条件中也应有所反映:

Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight. The L/C should include a clause 5% more or less for both the quantity and the amount allowed.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证付款。信用证必须包括装货数量和总值都有5%溢短的条款。

Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C, allowing 5% more or less both in amount and in quantity.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证, 数量和总值均允许5%溢短。 此外,付款条件的替代用法很多:

Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable at sight against presentation of shipping documents in China. 保兑的、不可撤销的信用证, 凭装运单据在中国即期支付。

Payment (payment has to be made by) : By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight which should reach us at least one month before the shipping date, and should remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment. 保兑的、不可撤销的信用证, 至迟应在装运期前一个月开达我方,在中国支付,信用证有效期至装运期后15天止。

For payment, please arrange for an irrevocable letter of credit, valid until June 30, to be opened in our favour with the ABC Bank.关于付款,请安排由ABC银行开立以我方为受益人,有效期至6月30日截止的不可撤销的信用证。

Payment should be made under an irrevocable letter of credit which is to be opened in our favour within a week after the date of your order.付款条件,在你方定货后一个星期内开立以我方为受益人的,不可撤销的信用证。 3. 价格

合同中的价格条款包括单价(price)和总值(amount)。表示单价用介词at.

合同中的单价条款包括4个部分:计价货币、计量单位、贸易术语、单位价格金额。报价时,这4个部分一定要完整,缺一不可。

凡价格中不包括佣金或折扣的,即是净价。有时为了明确说明成交的价格是净价,在价格术语后可加注“净价”(NET)字样。例如:US$ 35 per dozen F.O.B net Shanghai 每打F.O.B.净价上海35美元。 4. Subject to:

subject to……视……而定,以……为条件。如:

This offer is subject to your reply being received by September 1.本盘9月1日前复到有效。 This offer is subject to prior sale.本盘以先卖为准。

This offer is subject to the goods being unsold.本盘以货物未售出为准。 5. To be in a position to

to be in a position to 表示能够,是外贸书信中常用的成语,与can和to be able to是同义词。

6. To be desirous

to be desirous表示渴望。可以接不定式短语:We are desirous to establish… ;也可以加of接动名词:We are desirous of establishing trade relations with you. 7. By return

by return表示立即,收信后立即回信,是书信中常见的成语,只是这成语有点陈旧。 还盘: 1. usual terms

usual terms 表示按惯常条款。

除了课文中的用法“offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long ton CFR Shanghai, usual terms按惯常条款给我方50长吨标题货物报盘”。


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