Passage 4
\slaughgharim, which signified a \\“war cry,\or \word or phrase of oneof the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field.\term by 1704. The team at the time meant \distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons.\Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle age,and they were utilized primarily as \to insure pooper recognition of individuals at right or in the confusion of battle.\The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without \BostonMassacre,\Boston Tea Party,\shot heard around the world,\and shouts of \taxation without representation\
Slogans operate in society as social “symbols\r perceived meaning may be difficultto grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.
Because slogans may operate as \symbols\or as key words that have a standard meaning ina group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol.Murray Edelman writes that “to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise.\norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.
Slogans are so pervasive in today’ssociety that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power.They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than base for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotion, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans workwell on television.
The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an “overcommunicated\attributesto existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them.Thus, to say that a cookie tastes “homemade\had, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wantsto associate with an issue, group, product, or event. \an advertising agency may spend month, testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.
Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement organization social movement organization. \for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and \(strike inSpanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest. 99. \A. in the United States B. in the Inland
C. on the European continentD. frequently in revolutionary rhetoric
100. What is the writer's main purpose?
A. To explain the history of slogans.B. To explain the persuasiveness of slogans.
C. To explain how slogans have changed.D. To explain how slogans are used on television. 101. Because slogans are “social symbols\ _________.
A.can have different meanings in different culture and economic settings B. are widely used as status symbols
C. can be used to demonstrate high social standing D. are perceived as difficult to grasp 102. Lasswell's and Edelman's studies are important in that they _________. A. believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction
B. demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbols C. organize collective attitudes around a symbol
D. demonstrate a culture's principles are indicated by the slogans which are used 103. Television _________.
A. has distorted the purpose of slogans
B. has kept consistent the nature of human interaction C. has made political images personal and shorter D. utilizes slogans well 104. Products sell better if _________. A. slogans change the consumer’s beliefs B. slogans agree with the consumer’s beliefs C. slogans identify a social movement D. advertisers use slogans on television
Passage 5
A number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students' learning Englishas a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/strategies used by two students ina Hong Kong Technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires.The findings are discussed and some implications highlighted.
What makes a \language learner \and what makes a \language learner\does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context? These are the central questionsof this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variablesand learner strategies. Learner variables include such things as differences in personality,motivation, style, aptitude and age (Ellis, 1986: chap 5) and strategies refer to \approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information\language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed oflearning, ability m use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generallylead to the classification of students as being either \
Learner variables mod strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O’Malley etal, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched inHong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher of English working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables
and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research.
In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actuallyidentifying these aspects. As the existing research point out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation, and anxiety(Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a languagelearner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes. Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they interact to affect success of failure in particular language learning situation.
Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two smallscale studies ofthe language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seemto make a difference to Hong Kong students.
105. In paragraph 2,\“strategies\A. because these writers are authorities in the field and these arerecognized as important concepts B. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important definitions C. because the present author is not sure what these terms mean
D. because the present author wishes to redefine the scope of research in this area 106.The main point of paragraph 2 is _________. A. to define technical terms
B. to define terms and scope of the study C. to outline the main sections of the report
D. to summarize the area to be covered in the article
107. In paragraph 3 the writer uses the phrase \A. she has good knowledge of this area
B. she is not sure if the area has been researched in Hang Kong C. she thinks the area has been researched in Hong Kong
D. she does not wish to take responsibility for any omissions in the bibliography 108. The reference to \A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach
B. to point out that language learning strategies can he identified C. to point out that different learners learn differently
D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations 109. The main point of paragraph 5 is _________. A. to describe the existing search in the field B. to point out the limits of research in this area C. to describelearning strategies identified as so D. to summarize the scope of the present article
110. According to this passage, research in this area is characterized as _________. A. empirically observable
B. often impossible to observe directly
C. poorly defined in the research literature to date
D. easier to theorize about than to carry out directly
PART V Translation (30 points)
Direction: Write your translations in your answer sheet.
Section A: Translate the underlinedsentences into good Chinese. (15 %) \oet William Wordsworth. Adults today areas aware as Wordsworth of the importance of childhood experiences that a cherished and well-behaved childhas a better chance of growing into a balanced, loving and law-abidingadult than anunloved one. (1)The Children Act of 1989, created to give children much-needed protection against abuse, in the processlegalized the ideology: the child comes first.
But while nurturing of self-esteem in children is now accepted as a requisite of their development, the social and economic demands on over-worked, harassed parents often prevent them from putting this theory into practice where it matters most－in the home.（2）Indeed，much of the time it seems that parents themselves are suffering a crisis of self-esteem.
Reports show that teenagers are increasingly obese and slothful. They watch on average between four and six hours of television a day. No longer subject to the discipline of the evening family meal－the cradle of manners and civil behavior－one in three people eats his or her dinner in front of the television. (3) The fashion industry is increasingly targeting guilty parents and their demanding children; it is not uncommon to see children wearing designerjeans and the latest trainers that they will soon grow out of.
Pre-Christmas toy advertising is designed to strike terror into the hearts of parents and make theirchildren even more demanding and greedy. (4) Every office in the land harbors parents who are exasperated especially by boys who are arrogant, rude, boastful and undisciplined. Many parents are too guilt-ridden or too bewildered by conflicting child-rearing advice to do anything other than wring their hands with worry. (5) The language of civil rights has entered childhood. Children as young as six are now so keenly aware of their \
Section B: Translate the following sentences into good English（15%）
1、为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展，我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。 2、孝道是儒家教育的基石，它宣扬不仅要孝敬父母，而且要臣服于各级各类的权威。
3、目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。这个伟大的改节使封闭的计划经济变成了以市场为基础的开放经济。
4、一个母亲如果没有文化，很难担负教育好下一代的责任。占中国人口半数的妇女的文化素质提不高，全民族的文化素质也难提高
5、我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过分消费，比如使用过多的空调，私人汽车，以及随意处理的产品。
试题详解
PART I Vocabulary（15 points)
Section A
1. A clamor大声的要求;demand要求（强烈的）；view观点，见解；request请求，要求（委婉的）；opinion意见，看法。
2. B prolific多产的；productive多产的；artful狡猾的；religious虔诚的。 3. C vexation恼怒，烦恼；annoyance烦恼，恼怒；enlightenment启迪，教化；astonishment惊讶；contrariness反对。
4. D warily小心警惕地；prudently 谨慎地，慎重地；fearlessly勇敢地；confidently信赖地，安心地；silently默默地，静静地。
5. B reprimand斥责，谴责；reproach责备；recommend推荐；recompense报偿；reverse翻转。
6.A vestiges遗迹，痕迹；traces痕迹，踪迹；shards（玻璃或陶瓷器皿的）碎片；products产品；artifacts史前古器物。
7.D impetuous冲动的；impulsive冲动的；extravagant奢侈的，浪费的；careful小心的，仔细的；impotent无力的，虚弱的。
8.A meticulous非常仔细的,严谨的，注意细节的；painstaking仔细的，精心的，用心的；dilatory不慌不忙的；meretricious俗气的，金玉其外的，虚饰的；gaudy华而不实的，俗丽的。
9.C deadlock僵局；impasse僵局；guilty有罪的；electrocution电刑；verdict裁决，判决。 10. C jurisdiction权限；authority职权；guidance指导；sovereignty主权；suzerainty宗主权。 11. A profuse极其丰富的；extravagant过分的，丰饶的；produced畸形生长的；divergent分歧的；repetitious重复的。
12 .B provisional临时的;temporary临时的;permanent永久的;corrupt贪污的;craven胆小的。
13.D ransacked彻底搜索，仔细检查;thoroughly searched彻底搜查；demolished毁坏，破坏；took over接收，接管；inhabited居住。
14.D endowment捐赠;donations捐赠；millionaires百万富翁;endorsements背书；goverments政府。 15.A condoned宽恕，赦免；overlooked宽恕，宽容；praise表扬；condemned谴责；satisfied感到满意的。
Section B
16.C sever communication with切断与??的联系;convert转变;avert回复。
17. C imminent即将来临的,逼近的；attainable可到达的；remote遥远的；eminent优质的。 18. C sterilized消毒的；heated加热；scalded烫洗；burned烧。
19.A scale攀登，爬越；surpass超越，胜过；overcome战胜；mount登上。 20.D dispatch派遣；assign分配；detach派遣（军队）；attach系上，贴上。 21.C fidelity忠实，忠诚;personality个性;character特性，特征;morality道德。 22.A acclaim称赞；confidence信心；reimbursement赔偿；robustness精力充沛。 23.C resume继续，重新开始；confine限制;indulge纵容;undergo经历，遭受。 24.A anticipate期望，预见；assume假设;apply申请，应用；demand要求。 25.D diminished减少；withdrew撤回；eliminated排除；exterminated消除。
26. C in the perspective of从??的角度；prospective预期的;respective分别的，各自的;prescriptive说明性的。