一、一般过去时的结构
1一般过去时的基本用法
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如
yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。 【举例】
I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。
My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。
2. 一般过去时的基本结构
⑴肯定句“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。 【举例】
I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。 My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。
⑵否定句“主语+didnt+动词原形+其他”或“主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他”。 【举例】
The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。 Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。 ⑶一般疑问句“Did+主语+动词原形+其他?”肯定回答为“Yes,主语+did”,否定回答为“No,主语+didn’t”或者“Was/Were+主语+其他?”肯定回答为“Yes,主语+was/were”,否定回答为“No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t”。 【举例】
— Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗?
—Yes, we did./No, we didn’t.
是的,我们去了。/不,我们没有。 —Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧?
— Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t. 是的,还行。/不,不行。
⑷特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(顺序)? 【举例】
—What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了?
—He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。
—Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿?
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—I was at home. 我在家里。
为了便于记忆行为动词(实义动词)的一般过去时用法及结构,我们可用以下歌诀来帮助
记忆:动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志。 否定形式很简单,主语之后didn’t添。
谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则,主语前面加did。
过去式的构成
be动词和实义动词过去式的构成: ⑴ 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式:
was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式,were 是are的过去式。 ⑵规则动词过去式的构成: ①一般在动词末尾加—ed。 【举例】 walk→walked play→played
②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。 【举例】 love→loved
decide→decided
③结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词。先将y 变为i,再加—ed 。 【举例】
study→studied carry→carried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加—ed 。 【举例】
stop→stopped plan→planned
2 规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆: 过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e(不发音的),只需直接加上—d 。 “辅音字母+y ”在词尾,变y为i加—ed 。 “一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后加—ed 。
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一般过去时的随堂练习题:
一.写出下列动词的过去式。
1.am/is ________ 2.do _______ 3.go ________ 4.have _______ 5.isn’t _________ 6. aren’t ________ 7.spend________
8.cook_______9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________
二.用适当的词完成下列对话。 1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.
— What _______ you ______ last weekend ? — I _______ some homework.
2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend? — She _______ to the beach.
3.— What _______ they do last weekend? —They ________ to the movies.
三.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday. 3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?
5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor. 6.We ________ (have) a party last night.
7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home. 8.— How _______ (be) the students? —They were very friendly.
9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school. 10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water. 11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy. 12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? —No, he didn’t.
13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday. 四.句型转换。
1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month.
2.They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) —______ they _______ football this morning? —Yes, they _______./No, they _________ .
3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _________ _________ they ________ last year. 4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _______ Tom _______ TV last night?
5.Mary does homework every day. (用last night 改写句子) Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________
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二、一般现在时的结构
一、 定义与讲解
一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at ?在几点钟
只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。
三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays
(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass---passes
(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 情况
构成方法
读音
例词
;;
一般情况 加 -s
清辅音后读/s/ swim-swims浊辅音和元音help-helps后读/z/ like-likes 读/z/
goes,does
以辅音字母+o
加 -es
结尾的词 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
加 -es
读/iz/ watches,washes
以辅音字母+y
变y 为i再加es 读/z/
结尾的词
不规则变化变have 为 has变have和be动词 be为am,is,are
study-studies have-has be-am,is,are
2.不规则变化:
be---- is are have----has 二、一般现在时的用法
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态;表示客观事实或普遍真理;在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在时表示将来;在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作
当主语是第三人称单数时:
1、动词变相应的第三人称单数形式 2、肯定句主语+动词s+其它
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3、否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它 4、一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它 5、肯定回答 Yes,主语+does 6、否定回答 No,主语+doesn't
7、特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
当主语不是第三人称单数时:
1、肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它
2、否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其它 3、一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其它 4、要注意,句式结构错则全都错。 5、谓语动词的形式:do/does
三、一般现在时的结构 一般现在时的结构 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 I work. Do you work? I don't work. You work. Do you work? You don't work. We work. Do you work? We don't work. They work. Do they work?
They don't work.
He(She,It) Does he(she,it) He(She,It) works. work? doesn't work.
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否定疑问式 Don't you work? Don't you work? Don't you work? Don't they work? Doesn't he(she it) work?