arctics and overcoats,
lamps and magazines. (6-10)
(7) In “Ozymandias” we can see an arrogant king:
And on the pedestal, these words appear: ?My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings, Look on my Works ye Mighty, and despair!? Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away. (Shelley 10-14)
如果诗歌原文在空间安排上（包括缩进、缩进的内部关系、各个缩进之间的关系）有特殊要求，则保持原文原状。如：
(8) E. E. Cummings concludes the poem with this vivid description of a carefree scene, reinforced by the carefree form of the lines themselves: It?s spring and the
goat-footed balloonMan whistles far and wee. (16-24)
如果诗歌引文段从某一行的中间开始，则该半行应置于原文中的相应位置，而不应挪至行的最左边。如：
(9) In a poem on Thomas Hardy, Holden recalls her encounter with a “young dog fox” one morning:
I remember
he glanced at me in just that way, independent
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and unabashed, the hansome sidelong look that went round and about but never directly met my eyes, for that would betray his soul.
He was not being sly, only careful. (43-48)
在引用剧本时，如果引文出自幕、场、行，应标出引文的幕、场、行。如：
(10) In his famous advice to players, Shakespeare?s Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, “whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as ?twere, the mirror up to nature” (3.2.21-23).
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自剧本第三幕第二场的21至23行。（注意标点的使用，幕、场、行之间不空格。）
如果引文为剧本中人物之间的对话，引文另起行，每段引文第一行以人物的名字开始，人物的名字全部大写，后面加上英文句点，左缩进10个空格（或5字符），每段引文的其它行左边缩进13个空格（或6.5字符）。如：
(11) A short time later Lear loses the final symbol of his former power, the soldiers who make up his train:
GONERLL. Hear me, my Lord.
What need you five-and-twenty, ten or five, To follow in a house where twice so many Have a command to tend you?
REGAN. What need one? LEAR. O, reason not the need! (2.4.254-58)
如果引文不出自幕、场，标出引文的行。如：
(12) Marguerite Duras?s screenplay for Hiroshima mon amour suggests at the outset the profound difference between observation and experience: HE. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. Nothing. SHE. I saw everything. Everything. […]
The hospital, for instance, I saw it. I?m sure I did. There is a hospital in
Hiroshima. How could I help seeing it?
HE. You did not see the hospital in
Hiroshima. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. (2505-06)
其他引用剧本的格式按照上面所推荐的引用诗歌的格式。 在引用《圣经》、《可兰经》等经典文献的时候，应标出引文的篇、章、节，如：
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(13) Consider the words of Solomon: “If your enemies are hungry, give them food to eat. If they are thirsty, give them water to drink” (Bible, Prov. 25.21).
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自旧约《圣经》的《箴言》篇第25章第21节。《圣经》各篇的缩写有标准的写法（参照刘洊波的《英语学术论文写作》的112-114页），因而使用时应该注意核对。 14 对引语文字的更改
直接引语如出现在正文中间，使用引语的句子不得违反英语语法，不得出现“句中句”。下图右边一栏两句句子均包含了引语，但均不合语法。
正确：
So it is not like what Luthi calls “enter[ing] effortlessly into fruitful contact with distant worlds” (63). 正确：
Max Luthi points out that the first apparent thing in the fairytale is that it portrays its hero as “isolated” and often as “an old child” (59).
为了使含直接引语的句子合乎语法，往往有必要对引语的文字作一定的更改。如果要删除引语中个别词句，可以用省略号（ellipses“…”）取代删除的词句，省略号放在方括号（square brackets“[ ]”）以内。省略号应该用三个句点，第一个句点与第二个句点、第二个句点与第三个句点之间空格，第一个句点前面和第三个句点后面都不要空格。如：
(1) He stated, “The ?placebo effect,? [. . .] disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Smith 276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.
如果删除是在句内，第一个方括号前和第二个方括号后空格。如： (2) In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking [. . .] stressed air as the communicator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers” (101-02).
如果删除是在句末，第一个方括号前空格，第二个方括号后不空格直接加引号。如：
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错误：
So it is not like what Luthi calls “enter effortlessly into fruitful contact with distant worlds” (63).
错误：
Max Luthi points out: “The first thing that is apparent in the fairytale …is that it portrays its hero as isolated. He is often an old child” (59).
(3) In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking trapped in the theory of astral influences, stressed air as the communicator of disease [. . .]” (101-02).
在超过一句的引语中，中间的省略号可以表示任何引语内容的删除。这时，第一个方括号前空格，第二个方括号后是否空格视情况而定。如果是删除一句话或几句话，第二个方括号后空格，如果删除是从一句话的中间开始到另一句话的结尾，第二个方括号后不空格。如果删除是从一句话的中间开始到另一句话的中间，第二个方括号后空格。如：
(4) In discussing the historical relation between politics and the press, Rivers notes, “
Presidential control reached its zenith under Andrew Jackson, the
extent of whose attention to press even before ha became a candidate is suggested by the fact that he subscribed to twenty newspapers. [. . .] For a time, the United States Telegraph and the
Washington Globe were almost equally favored as party organs, and there were fifty-seven journalists on the government payroll. (7) (5) In discussing the historical relation between politics and the press, Rivers notes, “Presidential control reached its zenith under Andrew Jackson [. . .]. For a time, the United States Telegraph and the Washington Globe were almost equally favored as party organs, and there were fifty-seven journalists on the government payroll” (7).
(6) In discussing the historical relation between politics and the press, Rivers notes, “Presidential control reached its zenith under Andrew Jackson, [. . .] there were fifty-seven journalists on the government payroll” (7).
如果要加入或者更改个别单词或者词组，则可以将需要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方括号（square brackets“[ ]”）以内。例如：
(7) Smith found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others?] behaviors were studied in this manner” (276).
无论删改还是添加字词，均不得变更引语的原意。 十一、参考文献 以Works Cited为标题列在正文后，居中，用Times New Roman
三号加粗，另页书写。所列参考文献另起行，不得罗列同正文没有直接关系
的文献。如果文献的内容是英文，作者等文献信息都为中文，该文献视为英文文献，作者等文献信息都译成英文。如果文献的内容是英汉双语，该文献视为英文文献，按英文翻译文献处理。在列文献时，应把作者放在首位。英文作者姓名应完整，应标明首名的全称和中间名的首字母，中文作者姓名用全称。英文文献作者为2位时，作者之间用and，英文文献作者为3位时，
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第一位作者姓名后面用用逗号，后两位作者之间用and，英文文献作者超过3位时，只列第1位，后面加et al.。中文文献作者为2位或3位时，作者之间用逗号，中文文献作者超过3位时，只列第1位，后面加“等”。中文文献人名和第一位作者的英文文献人名一律采用姓前名后著录法（英文文献中的姓和名之间用逗号隔开），第二、三位作者的英文文献人名（中国人名除外）采用名前姓后的著录法。在著录中文文献时，先将中文文献按照中文文献著录格式著录，然后将中文文献译成英文并按照英文文献著录格式著录放于方括号内，翻译成的英文文献单独起行放于相应的中文文献后面。每条文献顶格写，回行时空5个空格（或2.5字符）。参考文献不得少于10项，其中英文文献专著不得少于5项。所列参考文献英文用Times New Roman小四号，中文用宋体小四号。 1 参考文献著录的格式 A. 著录已出版的书
(1) 一位作者写的书籍 (A book by a single author) 英文文献：作者. 书名 [M]. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.
Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History [M]. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1987. 中文文献：作者：书名 [M]，出版地：出版者，出版年。
张志健：严复思想研究 [M]，桂林：广西师大出版社，1989。
[Zhang, Zhijian. A Study of Yan Fu’s Thought [M]. Guilin: Guangxi Normal UP,
1989.] (2) 多位作者写的一本书籍 (A book by two or more authors) 英文文献：作者. 书名 [M]. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年.
Jakobson, Roam and Linda R. Waugh. The Sound Shape of language [M].
Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1979.
Welsch, Roger Li., Linda K. Welsch and Sander Gilman. Cather’s Kitchens:
Foodways inLiterature and Life [M]. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
Gilman, Sander et al. Hysteria beyond Freud [M]. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1993.
(注意：出版社中的UP，代表University Press。)
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