enjoy universal basic services at reasonable prices, according to a
government report to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), China’s top legislature last December.
The scheme features basic concepts including adhering to the orientation of serving the people, ensuring the \public medical institutions, cutting hospitals’ involvement in drug sales, increasing governmental responsibility and input, and establishing a basic medicare network for the whole population.
The ministry announced earlier this month that the reform will be piloted this year \
Several provinces including Jiangsu have applied to take part in the trial, Chen said.
The minister, also a renowned molecular biologist, called on doctors to improve their professional ethics. \big pharmaceutical companies,\
According to a recent survey by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on \
become the top concern among Chinese people. The high costs usually result from expensive medicines.
Countless media reports have told of doctors intentionally prescribing costly drugs in return for kickbacks from pharmaceutical firms.
1.2 China’s Role in Copenhagen
What is copenhagen? ——————————
Copenhagen is the location of a major international climate change
conference in December 2009, in which the world will come together to negotiate and agree how to tackle international climate change. The current global agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, expires in 2012 and so in effect, Copenhagen will create its successor.
The impacts of climate change on people and food? ——————————
Over 100 years ago, people worldwide began burning more coal and oil for homes, factories, and transportation. Burning these fossil fuels
releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These added greenhouses gases have caused Earth to warm more quickly than it has in the past.
How much warming has happened? Scientists from around the world with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tell us that during the past 100 years, the world’s surface air temperature increased an average of 0.6° Celsius (1.1°F). This may not sound like very much change, but even one degree can affect the Earth. Below are some
effects of climate change that we see happening now.
Sea level is rising. During the 20th century, sea level rose about 15 cm (6 inches) due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer seawater. Models predict that sea level may rise as much as 59 cm (23 inches)
during the 21st Century, threatening coastal communities, wetlands, and coral reefs.
Arctic sea ice is melting. The summer thickness of sea ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice may lead to changes in ocean circulation. Plus melting sea ice is speeding up warming in the Arctic.
Glaciers and permafrost are melting. Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in all areas of the world have decreased in size and so has the amount of permafrost in the Arctic. Greenland’s ice sheet is melting faster too.
Sea-surface temperatures are warming. Warmer waters in the shallow oceans have contributed to the death of about a quarter of the world’s coral reefs in the last few decades. Many of the coral animals died after weakened by bleaching, a process tied to warmed waters.
Heavier rainfall cause flooding in many regions. Warmer temperatures have led to more intense rainfall events in some areas. This can cause flooding.
Extreme drought is increasing. Higher temperatures cause a higher rate of evaporation and more drought in some areas of the world.
Ecosystems are changing. As temperatures warm, species may either move to a cooler habitat or die. Species that are particularly vulnerable include endangered species, coral reefs, and polar animals. Warming has also caused changes in the timing of spring events and the length of the growing season.
Hurricanes have changed in frequency and strength. There is evidence that the number of intense hurricanes has increased in the Atlantic since 1970. Scientists continue to study whether climate is the cause.
More frequent heat waves. It is likely that heat waves have become more common in more areas of the world.
Warmer temperatures affect human health. There have been more
deaths due to heat waves and more allergy attacks as the pollen season grows longer. There have also been some changes in the ranges of animals that carry disease like mosquitoes.
Seawater is becoming more acidic. Carbon dioxide dissolving into the oceans, is making seawater more acidic. There could be impacts on coral reefs and other marine life. What can I do? —- —————————–
Get involved: Groups and individuals around the world are campaigning for action on climate change. Getting involved with these stakeholder groups mobilising around Copenhagen and pushing for an ambitious deal.
Reduce your carbon footprint: If you are looking for ideas about what simple behaviour changes you can make to reduce your emissions, you can calculate your carbon footprint and find tips on how to reduce it at Act on CO2
1.3 Top 10 Events in 2009
科技类：1）网络个性化服务 2）网络游戏 文化类 3）文化交流 4）山寨文化
社会道德类 5）慈善事业 6）名人广告 环境类 7）全球变暖效应
经济类 8）失业问题 9）经济全球化
科技类：1）网络个性化服务personalized online service 2）网络游戏 online games/literature
此为两个中性词，网络游戏侧重贬义，网络个性化服务侧重褒义。重点在：1 ，分析原因 2，阐述观点 思路：定语+核心名词
1. Personalized online service（causes/ advantages） 扩：online shopping
Causes：思路：1满足消费者需要 2 迎合时尚品味 3 使我们的生活更方便
First，personalized online services emphasize to meet the customers’ individual needs and personal preferences.
Second, as a new business, the personalized online service cater for the fashion, therefore it attracts a large number of young people.
Third, this kind of service has made our lives more and more convenient. To conclude, X is a promising business and it will have greater development.
2. online games (causes/ disadvantages) 扩：network literature 原因（causes）：
1，2，与网络个性化服务同
First，online games/literature emphasize to meet the players’ individual needs and personal preferences.
Second, as a new business, the online game cater for the fashion, therefore it attracts a large number of young people.
Third, it can enrich our lives and make our spare time more and more colorful.
缺点（disadvantages）：
1. 浪费时间 2. 危害身心健康 3. 是人际关系疏远
First, some people lack self-control, thus they spend too much time on games.
Second, online games do great harm to their mental health and affect
their school achievements/ work performance.
Third，online games even alienate the young players from the friends and classmates around them.
文化类：1）文化交流：cultural communication / invasion 2）山寨文化：shanzhai culture
1. culture communication （causes，advantages） 扩：迪斯尼在上海落―沪‖ 原因Causes:
1．寻求相互理解 2.科技经济发展3. 文化无国界
First，people of different nations begin to seek profound mutual
understanding and friendly communication. As a result, cultures become international. (扩)For instance, there is a new fashion to celebrate the traditional Chinese new year—the Spring Festival globally.
Second, with the development of technology and the global economy, intercultural exchanges are becoming more and more frequent.
Third, while people belong to nations, there is no boundary in cultural fields. / the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and it belongs to the whole mankind. 优点（意义）Advantages:
1 开阔视野 2 保持文化多样性
First, it can broaden our horizons and provide us with a lot of opportunities to know more about foreign cultures.
Second, in the long run, it can keep the cultural diversity by injecting some foreign elements into our culture.
山寨文化：（略）见英语决胜指南（邵宁）。 社会道德类：1）慈善事业 2）名人广告
1）慈善charity（causes / opinions / advantages） 扩：十元慈善，赞助贫困学生，希望工程以及献血 10-yuan charity，help the needy youngsters, hope project， blood donation causes/ opinions:思路：
1.经济发展 2. 优良传统 3. 回报社会
First, with the rapid development of economy/ the steady improvement of living standards, a growing number of people are rich enough to help others financially.
Second, mutual help is a traditional virtue of our nation.
Third, the people with our help will make great contribution to our society rather than a burden.
2）名人广告：celebrity advertisement 扩：假冒伪劣 fake commodities 盗版产品 pirated products 考试作弊 cheating on exams
Causes:1. 只重经济利益 2管理不够有效3社会道德观下降
First, Some celebrities/ people don’t care whether such products are of inferior quality, but fix their eyes on the profits/benefits (they can get from it).
Second, measures taken to control the problem are not efficient enough (to restrain violators). (Management is not efficient.)
Third, a main reason is continuing decline of social values/ morality. Disadvantages: 关键结构悉数给出
1. Hinder the healthy and smooth development of economy 2. spoil the mutual trust among people 3. cause unfair competition
4. disturb the order of the market
5. make people lose faith in the government/authorities 6. hamper the innovation of economic/social structure 环境类：全球变暖效应 global warming 扩：white pollution energy shortage (causes/ harms/ solutions)
Causes:1. 减少化石燃料 2. 只重视经济利益 3. 可用―万能原因‖
First, with the development of economy/ increase in population, the demand for fossil fuels is growing steadily.
Second, some people don’t care about the bad effects of global warming, but fix their eyes on the profits/benefits (they can get from it).
Third, most people haven’t yet realized how serious the problem has become.
Harms：1. 改变气候 2.危及沿海城市 3.子孙后代
1. make growing contribution to global climatic change 2. Endanger some coastal cities/ island countries 3. be a potential threat to our future generations solutions:1 增强意识 2 加强治理 3 寻找替代（能源） 1. raise people’s awareness of…
2. lay down rules and regulations to cope with …
3. turn to alternative energy sources, such as electricity and solar energy.
经济类：1）失业及下岗问题unemployment 2）经济全球化 economic globalization 失业及下岗问题unemployment Causes：
1. Financial crisis 2. fierce competition in employment market Solutions:
1. unemployment fund 2. vocational training 3. psychological advice
经济全球化：economic globalization Causes：
First, multinational corporations and international economic