放到句首,谓语主语之前, if去掉。 变为”were/had/should+主语”的形式。如果从句没有were, had或should,就不能倒装。
If I were to do it, I’d do it some other way.→ Were I to do it, I`d do it some other way. If you should fail, try again.→ Should you fail, try again.
If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him.→ Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.这句话不能倒装.
而且,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如:
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能说: Weren`t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.
第二节 固定结构中的虚拟语气
★★一、.It is(high) time(that)……句型中的虚拟语气
在此句型中,后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式,.意思为“（现在）该……的时候了” It is high time that you got married. It is high time that I lost some weight. ★★二、.wish+宾语从句结构
I wish it were Spring all the year round. I wish I were Jane.
I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. ★三.If only句中的虚拟语气
If only he were here! If only I knew more! If only he had stayed with us! If only I had taken his advice! 注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如： If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
★★四、在would （just ）as soon （宁愿）would sooner （宁愿）would （just） rather （宁愿）后的宾语从句中，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事情，若谈及过去的动作，用过去完成时。其后不加that。.
I`d rather I were in the rain now. Don’ t always make noise. I’ d rather you kept silent.
★五、在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中，意为“以免”，从句要用虚拟语气。构成should+动词原形，should也可以省略。
Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain.
★六、.as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中的虚拟语气如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去,则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式;如果指的是现在的状况,则用过去式;指将来则用would(should, could)+动词原形.这里只看从句动作发生的时间,与主句的时态没有关系. Some metals look at first sight as though they were gold. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in the U.S. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.
She looks as if/though she were ill. He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.(倒塌) ★★七.在表示建议,要求,命令等意思的动词(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,)后面的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,that不能省略.
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He suggested that we (should) have a meeting. The commander ordered that the bridge(should) be bombed. ★★八.与表示请求,建议,命令等动词相对应的名词后面的表语从句,同位语从句用虚拟语气.(suggesttion,command,demand,desire,request,requirement,insist,advice,propose,order). 构成同一 Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized.（表语从句）
==We suggested that education not be industrialized.
He made a request that he(should) be allowed to take 3 days off. ==He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.
★★九.表示建议,请求,命令动词在以下结构中（主语从句）“It is suggested/required/request/ordered/ advised/insisted/demanded that……”用虚拟语气. 构成同一 It was suggested that he (should) attend the conference. It was requested that the trial (should) be reported openly.
★★十.在以下结构中（主语从句）It is important/necessary/strange/desirable/advisable/better/essential/vital /imperative(必须的)that…句型中.that引导的从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略,that不能省略. It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter。 It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.
第二部分 虚拟语气01-09年专升本考试真题[共23题]
一、if条件句中表示对过去的虚拟
1.[02-28]________ he would have come to class.
A If Mike is able to finish his homework, B Would Mike be able to finish his homework, C If Mike could finish his homework, D If Mike had been able to finish his homework, 2.[04-6]_________your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.
A Had I not taken B If I didn`t take C If I haven`t taken D Provided I didn`t take 3.[05-7]He ________ killed last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the night. A might be B would be C might have been D. should have been 4.[07-3] If he had been in better health, he _________more books. A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written 5. [09—30]. , everything would have been all right. A.He had been here B. Been here he had C. Here he had been D. Had he been here 二、 混合虚拟语气
6.[06-23]I ________ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived 三、用介词短语(without, but for)代替条件状语从句
7.[01—16]________ your help, I could not have finished my work so early. A with B by C for D without 8.[03—8]Without his wise mother, he _________ such a successful scientist.
A. would not become B. should not have become C. may not have become D. could not have become 四、It’ s (high/about)time结构
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9.[02—7] It’s time the dog __________ how to behave properly. A is learning B learns C learned D to learn
10.[04—25]It’s high time you _________ the problem carefully about what you will do in the future. A are studied B must study C studied D study
11.[06—33] It’s high time we_______ something to stop road accidents. A are doing B did C will do D do 12.[08--8] It’s high time ______ about the traffic problem.
A. something were done B. something is done C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done 五、 在wish+宾语从句中
13.[06-40] I wish you ____here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival. A. came B. had come C. come D. will come
六、 在would (just) rather, would (just) as soon ,would sooner(宁愿)结构中 14.[02—30] I’d just as soon ____those important papers with you.
A. that you won’t take B. your not taking C please don’t you take D. you didn’t take 15.[05—25] Mr. Smith would just rather we_____ now , but we must go to work. A. not leave B didn’t leave C are not to leave D won’t leave
16. [06—29] I would rather you _____ to the party with her. A go B went C will go D has gone 七、 在表示建议,请求,命令的宾语从句中
17.[03-11] Experiments ____that accurate measurements be made.
A. show B. prove C. demand D.head 18.[09—6].The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 o’clock. A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing 八、表示建议,请求,命令,坚持等同位语、表语从句中的虚拟语气
19. [07-1] One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _______ to its burning temperature. A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated 20.[05-12]We are all for your proposal that the discussion_____.
A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off 九、主语从句
21.[02—20] It is requested that the rent for the house ___ in advance.
A. will have to be paid B. has to be paid C. should have to be paid D. should be paid 22.[01—2]It is very important that enough money_____ to fund the project . A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collected 23.[06—35] It is necessary that the problem ______ in some way or other. A.is settled B. has been settled C. be settled D.was settled Key: 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5D. 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.C 20.A
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21.D 22.A 23.C 第三部分 补充练习 1. If you _______5 minutes earlier, you ________ him. A. should come; had seen B. came; would see
C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen
2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he __ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 3. It is strange that Mr. Zhang ______ such silly mistakes.
A. made B. makes C. make D. had made
4. They demanded that the books ______ to the school library at once.
A. return B. should return C. be returned D. would be returned 5.How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 6. It is high time that we _______ to think how to deal with the money.
A. would begin B. began C. begin D. begun
7.If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 8.If I had had enough time, I _______ my work.
A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 9.Ten minutes earlier, they ________ the plane.
A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 10. Mr. Green requires that the students ________ a composition every other week.
A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 11.Had he studied hard, he ______ the exam.
A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 12.I wish I _______ what is happening there in this room.
A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 13．If there were no water in the world , everything __________.
A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 14. _______ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 15.He ordered that the work ________ right away.
A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished 16.---Shall we go to the movie tonight?
--- No, I’d rather ____ at home with our baby. You’d better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay 17.Mrs Black insists _______ in that old hotel.
A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. that she not stay 18.If you had spoken clearly, you would ________ .
A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood 19.If you _______ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched B. hadn’t watched C. didn’t watch D. wouldn’t have watched 20.Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________ achieved.
A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. can not have been 21.You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, You _______ so tired.
A. drove,. didn’t get B. drove, wouldn’t get
C. were driving, wouldn’t get D. had driven, wouldn’t have got 22. Wouldn’t you rather that your child ______ to bed early?
A. go B. went C. would go D. goes 23.But for the traffic jam, we _______ on time.
A. arrived B. would arrive C. will have arrived D. would have arrived 24 My suggestion is that he _______ there at once.
A. should send B. would send C. be sent D. sent
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25.If only we ________ about the danger, we could not have joined you.
A. knew B. had known C. should know D. know
26.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 27.—If he _____, he ______ that food.
---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned: would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned: had not taken 28.Without electricity, human life _________ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 29.I insist that a doctor _________ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be send for D. be send for 30.If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from doing.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 31. ________, all the students would hear.
A. If the teacher had spoken louder B. If the teacher will speak louder C. Had the teacher spoken louder D. If the teacher spoke louder
32. It is of the utmost importance that gasoline ______ smoothly in the engine if the engine is to function properly. A. burns B. burn C. would burn D. has burned
33. What should we do if it___ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 34. If you____ at school, you_____ a college student now.
A. had studied hard; would have been B. should have studied hard; should have been C. had studied hard; would be D. would study hard; must have been 35.We_____ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn’t finished B. didn’t have finished C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished 36. He must have had an accident, or he ______then.
A. would have been here B. had to be here C. should be here D. would be here 37. _______ I been there, I could have explained it. A. Have B. Should C. Would D. Had
38.We insist that a meeting ______ held as soon as possible. A. have been B. should be C. to be D. being 39. Eleven thirty. It’s time we _____ lunch. A. must prepare B. are preparing C. prepared D. prepare 40. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 41.The apartment manager demanded _______ immediately.
A. Bill to move out B. that Bill move out C. that Bill moves out D. that Bill moved out 42. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 43. The teacher demanded that the exam ___ before eleven.
A must finish B would be finished C be finished D must be finished 44. They must have been enjoying themselves there, or they ______ so long.
A. can’t have stayed B. wouldn’t have stayed. C. needn’t have stayed D. couldn’t stay 45.______ you were coming, I’d have met you at the railway station.
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