⊕translation n. a piece of writing or speech that has been translated from a different language.翻译 Eg. This is MacNiece's excellent English translation of 'Faust'. I've only read Solzhenitsyn in translation.
⊕topic n. a subject for conversation, talk, writing, etc. 题目;话题；论题 Eg. The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Britain union.
⊕vacation n. a period of the year when universities and colleges, and in the United States also schools, are officially closed. 假期
Eg. During his summer vacation he visited Russia. Did you have a lot of reading during the vacation?
⊕revise v. to prepare for an exam for looking again at work that you have done 复习，温习 Eg. I have to revise for math.
I'd better skip the party and stay at home to revise.
⊕discipline n. the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behavior, and punishing them when they do not 纪律
Eg. Order and discipline have been placed in the hands of headmasters and governing bodies. Discipline problems in the classroom is very important.
⊕relationship n. the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other (人，团体，国家之间的) 关系；联系
Eg. A good relationship involves concern and sensitivity for each other's feelings. There is an uneasy relationship between us and the politicians.
⊕formal adj. (of a style of dress, speech, writing, behavior, etc) very correct and suitable for official or important occasions正式的
Eg. He wrote a very formal letter of apology to Douglas.
Business relationships are necessarily a bit more formal.
⊕relaxed adj (of a person) calm and not anxious or worried 放松的;松弛的;安心的;轻松的 Eg. As soon as I had made the final decision, I felt a lot more relaxed. Try to adopt a more relaxed manner.
⊕similarly adv. in almost the same way 类似地;相似地
Eg. Most of the men who now gathered round him again were similarly dressed. Husband and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.
Module 3
⊕motorbike n. a lighter, less powerful motorcycle 摩托车
Eg. Richardson severed his right foot in a motorbike accident. He suffered severe brain damage after a motorbike accident.
⊕distance n. the amount of space between two places or things 距离;间距 Eg. Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriends at a distance. Everything is within walking distance.
⊕abandoned adj. left and no longer wanted, used or needed 被离奇的；被抛弃的；被遗弃的 Eg. All that digging had left a network of abandoned mines and tunnels. The movie is set entirely within the confines of the abandoned factory.
⊕camel n. a large animal that lives in deserts and is used for carrying goods and people 骆驼 Eg. The camel's feet, well adapted for dry sand, are useless on mud. A camel can bear burden.
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⊕desert n. a large area of land, usually in a hot region, where there is almost no water, rain, trees, or plants. 沙漠;荒漠
Eg. The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert. He also wants to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.
⊕diamond n. a hard, bright, precious stone which is clear and colorless. Diamonds are used in jewelry and for cutting very hard substances. 金刚石;钻石 Eg. She wore several diamond rings.
Desmond did not believe the diamond was real.
⊕expert n. a person who is very skilled at doing something or who knows a lot about a particular subject. 行家;专家
Eg. You'll also get expert advice on keeping your hair in good condition. I'm a limited and obtuse clergyman while you're the expert. ⊕midnight n. twelve o'clock in the middle of the night.
Eg. It was well after midnight by the time Anne returned to her apartment. The entrance gates were locked at midnight.
⊕product n. something that is produced and sold in large quantities, often as a result of a manufacturing process. 产品；制品
Eg. Try to get the best product at the lowest price.
South Korea's imports of consumer products jumped 33% in this year.
⊕shoot v. to kill or wound a person or an animal with a bullet枪杀;枪击;射伤;射杀 Eg. The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them.
Namibian law permits ranchers to shoot cheetahs to protect their livestock. ⊕soil n. the substance on the surface of the earth in which plants grow. 土壤;土地 Eg. We have the most fertile soil in Europe. If the soil dries out the plants may bolt.
⊕journey n. (distance covered in) travelling, usually by land, from one place to another, often far away 旅行；行程；旅程
Eg. There is an express service from Paris which completes the journey to Bordeaux in under 4 hours.
The journey ends in the ancient city of Marrakesh.
⊕train v. to give teaching and practice to sb in order to bring to a desired standard of behaviour, efficiency or physical condition 训练
Eg. The US was ready to train its troops to participate. Stavros was training to be a priest.
⊕circus n. a group that consists of clowns, acrobats, and animals which travels around to different places and performs shows 马戏团 Eg. My real ambition was to work in a circus.
Do you know what? I'm going to the circus this afternoon.
⊕seaside n. an area that is close to the sea, especially one where people go for their holidays, as the seaside (尤指作为度假地的)海边，海滨 Eg. I went to spend a few days at the seaside.
The town was Redcar, a seaside resort on the Cleveland coast.
⊕stadium n. a large sports ground with rows of seats all round it 运动场；体育场 Eg. A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. There were 2,250 policemen on duty in and around the stadium.
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⊕eagle n. a large bird that lives by eating small animals 鹰
Eg. The eagle is the animal most sacred to the Native Americans. The eagle expanded its wings.
⊕frighten v. to cause sb. to suddenly feel afraid, anxious, or nervous 使惊恐;使害怕;吓唬 Eg. I did not want to frighten or distress the horse. It doesn't frighten them. They're used to it.
⊕kindergarten v. an informal kind of school for very young children, where they learn things by playing. 幼儿园
Eg. Children graduate to the kindergarten, then pre-school, and then school. She's in kindergarten now.
⊕apartment n. a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building.公寓；单元住宅 Eg. She went directly to Simon's apartment and knocked on the door. It would never do to have Henry there in her apartment.
⊕cartoon n. a humorous drawing or series of drawings in a newspaper or magazine. （报刊中的）漫画；卡通
Eg. A prince turns into a frog in this cartoon fairytale. One of my favorite cartoon characters is Snoopy.
⊕interview v. a formal meeting at which someone is asked questions in order to find out if they are suitable for a job or a course of study 面试;面谈
Eg. When I went for my first interview for this job I arrived extremely early. The interview went well.
⊕interviewer n. a person who is asking someone questions at an interview 采访者; 面试者 Eg. He once told an interviewer that he didn't even like rock music.
It was on television that he made an even stronger impact as an interviewer. ⊕event n. something that happens, especially when it is unusual or important 事件 Eg. The birth of a live healthy baby is a truly blessed event.
The event will go ahead as planned in Sheffield next summer.
Module4
⊕survey n. a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out about their opinions or behavior调查
Eg. We conducted a survey of parents in the village.
The survey showed that Britain’s trees are in good health.
⊕neighbourhood n. the area around you or around a particular place, or the people who live there 四邻；街坊
Eg. Be quiet! You’ll wake up the whole neighbourhood! Is there a good Chinese restaurant in the neighbourhood?
⊕local adj. relating to the particular area you live in, or the area you are talking about; affecting or limited to one part of your body 地方的；局部的 Eg. We'd better check on the game in the local paper.
The procedure was done under local anaesthetic in the physician's office. ⊕suburb n. an area where people live that is outside the centre of the city Eg. They live in the suburbs.
Don’t you get bored living out here in the suburbs?
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⊕hometown n. the town where they live or the town that they come from 家乡 Eg. His hometown was razed to the ground during the war. He never went back to his hometown again
⊕attractive adj. pleasant to look at有吸引力的，有魅力的; 吸引人的 Eg.Women seem to find him attractive . I must say, it’s a very attractive offer.
⊕fortunate adj. having or bringing an advantage, an opportunity, a piece of good luck幸运的; 吉祥的
Eg. I’ve been fortunate to find a career that I love.
I was fortunate enough to obtain a research studentship at Stanford. ⊕pretty adv. fairly or more than a little颇，相当 Eg. I’m pretty sure he’ll say yes.
She still looks pretty miserable.
⊕sound vi. to give a particular impression when heard or read about听起来
Eg. I’ll come over to Richmond and take you out for dinner. How does that sound ? It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.
⊕tourist n. someone who is visiting a place for pleasure on holiday旅游者；观光客 Eg. Cambridge is always full of tourists in the summer. The Statue of Liberty is a major tourist attraction .
⊕bother v. to annoy someone, especially by interrupting them when they are trying to do something打扰; 烦扰;麻烦
Eg. Danny, don’t bother Ellen while she’s reading. Would it bother you if I put on some music?
⊕rent n. the money that someone pays regularly to use a room, house etc that belongs to someone else租金
Eg. I pay the rent at the beginning of every month. an annual rent of ￡8,000
⊕district n. an area of a town or the countryside, especially one with particular features; an area of a country, city etc that has official borders地区; 区域; 行政区 Eg. a house in a pleasant suburban district a postal district
I drove around the business district.
⊕approach vt. to move towards or nearer to someone or something走近；靠近；接近 Eg. As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. She heard footsteps approaching.
⊕architecture n. the style and design of a building; the art and practice of planning and designing buildings建筑风格;建筑设计;建筑学 Eg. He studied architecture at university.
He studied classical architecture and design in Rome.
⊕starve vi. to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat挨饿；饿死 Eg. Thousands of people will starve if food doesn’t reach the city. They’ll either die from the cold or starve to death .
⊕park vi. to put a car or other vehicle in a particular place for a period of time停车 Eg. You can’t park here - it’s private property.
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I couldn’t find anywhere to park.
⊕traffic n. the vehicles moving along a road or street交通 Eg. There wasn’t much traffic on the roads. The sound of the traffic kept me awake.
⊕committee n. a group of people chosen to do a particular job, make decisions etc委员会 Eg. Last year I was on the parents’ committee at my kids’ school.
Our organization is always in need of volunteers to serve on the committee.
⊕organisation n. a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose or the act of planning and arranging things effectively组织
Eg. The reasons of these problems are failure of government, market and social organisation. a charitable organization.
Organisation’s never been my strong points. ⊕unemployed adj. someone who is unemployed does not have a job 没有工作的，失业的 Eg. Fifty per cent of the men in this town are unemployed. This workshop helps young unemployed people.
⊕household n. all the people living together in a house 家属；家人；家庭 Eg. The whole household was asleep.
A growing number of households have at least one computer.
⊕occupation n. job or profession 职业
Eg. I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure. Please state your name, address and occupation.
⊕professional adj. relating to a job that needs special education and training 职业的，专业的 Eg .What professional qualifications does he have? It is essential to get good professional advice .
⊕employment n. the condition of having a paid job工作；就业；职业 Eg. She was offered employment in the sales office. Steve’s still looking for full-time employment.
⊕gallery n. a large building where people can see famous pieces of art 美术馆;
a small privately owned shop or studio where you can see and buy pieces of art 画廊 Eg. But when the gallery was still open, it was terrific.
All of the pictures in this gallery are of are actually decorated cakes. ⊕exchange vt. to give someone something and receive the same kind of thing from them at the same time 交换，互换
Eg. We exchange gifts at Christmas.
At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other. ⊕afford vt. to have enough money to buy or pay for something 买得起;有能力支付 Eg. I couldn’t afford the rent on my own.
How can she afford to eat out every night? We can’t afford to go on vacation this year.
⊕survive vi. to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness死里逃生；大难不死 Eg. Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived. She survived the attack.
⊕contact vt. to write to or telephone someone联络；联系某人
Eg. Give the names of two people who can be contacted in an emergency. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
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